Obsessive–Compulsive Contamination Fears and Anorexia Nervosa: The Application of the New Psycho-Educational Treatment of Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT)

Drummond, Lynne M.; Kolb, P

doi:10.1375/bech.25.1.44

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While contamination fears are often associated with OCD, they are not unique to OCD and have a cross-disorder component. In fact, it is not uncommon for individuals with AN to present with food-related contamination fears (Drummond & Kolb, 2008). In our previous ALSPAC study, we found that the latent factor worrying significantly predicts eating disorder symptoms at ages 14 and 16 as well as AN diagnosis at age 16 (Schaumberg et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting eating disorder and anxiety symptoms using disorder-specific and transdiagnostic polygenic scores for anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder

et al. 2022

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Background Clinical, epidemiological, and genetic findings support an overlap between eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety symptoms. However, little research has examined the role of genetics in the expression of underlying phenotypes. We investigated whether the anorexia nervosa (AN), OCD, or AN/OCD transdiagnostic polygenic scores (PGS) predict eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety symptoms in a large developmental cohort in a sex-specific manner. Methods Using summary statistics from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium AN and OCD genome-wide association studies, we conducted an AN/OCD transdiagnostic genome-wide association meta-analysis. We then calculated AN, OCD, and AN/OCD PGS in participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children to predict eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety symptoms, stratified by sex (combined N = 3212–5369 per phenotype). Results The PGS prediction of eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety phenotypes differed between sexes, although effect sizes were small. AN and AN/OCD PGS played a more prominent role in predicting eating disorder and anxiety risk than OCD PGS, especially in girls. AN/OCD PGS provided a small boost over AN PGS in the prediction of some anxiety symptoms. All three PGS predicted higher compulsive exercise across different developmental timepoints [β = 0.03 (s.e. = 0.01) for AN and AN/OCD PGS at age 14; β = 0.05 (s.e. = 0.02) for OCD PGS at age 16] in girls. Conclusions Compulsive exercise may have a transdiagnostic genetic etiology, and AN genetic risk may play a role in the presence of anxiety symptoms. Converging with prior twin literature, our results also suggest that some of the contribution of genetic risk may be sex-specific.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting eating disorder and anxiety symptoms using disorder-specific and transdiagnostic polygenic scores for anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder

et al. 2022

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“…The effectiveness of DIRT has been examined in 10 publications, including two randomised controlled trials (RCTs; Jones & Menzies, 1998;Krochmalik, Jones, Menzies, & Kirkby, 2004), one multiple baseline case series (Krochmalik, Jones, & Menzies, 2001), one uncontrolled case series (Jones & Menzies, 1997), one naturalistic study (Drummond et al, 2007), and five single case reports (Drummond & Kolb, 2008;Govender, Drummond, & Menzies, 2006;Hambridge & Loewenthal, 2003;O'Brien, Jones, & Menzies, 2004;St. Clare, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy for Obsessive–Compulsive Checking: Preliminary Findings

Vaccaro

Jones

Menzies

et al. 2010

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) is a cognitive treatment package developed in the mid-1990s to treat obsessive-compulsive (OC) washing. DIRT is solely directed at decreasing threat expectancies and does not involve direct or indirect exposure. The effectiveness of the DIRT package for OC washers has been examined, and to date a number of publications, including two randomised controlled trials, support its efficacy. Recently, the DIRT package was modified to treat people with the OC checking subtype. In the current study, three adult OC checkers received DIRT in 12 to 14 individual 1-hr sessions conducted by a clinical psychologist. At posttreatment, substantial and clinically significant reductions in scores on a range of standardized outcome measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom severity were apparent for all three participants. Crucially, these improvements were maintained at 4-month follow-up. Although further research is clearly warranted, these preliminary findings suggest that DIRT for checkers may prove as effective as DIRT for OC washers.

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“…In fact, it is not uncommon for individuals with AN to present with food-related contamination fears. 54 In our ALSPAC previous study, we found that the latent factor worrying significantly predicts eating disorder symptoms at ages 14 and 16 as well as AN diagnosis at age 16. 19 This may suggest that uncontrolled worrying may be an underlying early symptom of AN and disordered eating that precedes the manifestation of an eating disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Predicting Eating Disorder and Anxiety Symptoms Using Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Polygenic Scores

Yılmaz

Schaumberg

Halvorsen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Clinical, epidemiological, and genetic findings support an overlap between eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety symptoms. However, little research has examined the role of genetic factors in the expression of eating disorders and OCD/anxiety phenotypes. We examined whether the anorexia nervosa (AN), OCD, or AN/OCD transdiagnostic polygenic scores (PGS) predict eating disorders, OCD, and anxiety symptoms in a large population-based developmental cohort. Using summary statistics files from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Freeze 2 AN and Freeze 1 OCD GWAS, we first conducted an AN/OCD transdiagnostic GWAS meta-analysis and then calculated PGS for AN, OCD, and AN/OCD in participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children with available genetic and phenotype data on eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety diagnoses and symptoms (sample size 3,212-5,369 per phenotype). We observed sex differences in the PGS prediction of eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety-related phenotypes, with AN genetic risk manifesting at an earlier age and playing a more prominent role in eating disorder phenotypes in boys than in girls. Compulsive exercise was the only phenotype predicted by all three PGS (e.g., PAN(boys)=0.0141 at age 14; POCD(girls)=0.0070 at age 16; PAN/OCD(all)=0.0297 at age 14). Our results suggest that earlier detection of eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety-related symptoms could be made possible by including measurement of genetic risk for these psychiatric conditions while being mindful of sex differences.

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Obsessive–Compulsive Contamination Fears and Anorexia Nervosa: The Application of the New Psycho-Educational Treatment of Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT)

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Predicting eating disorder and anxiety symptoms using disorder-specific and transdiagnostic polygenic scores for anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Predicting eating disorder and anxiety symptoms using disorder-specific and transdiagnostic polygenic scores for anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy for Obsessive–Compulsive Checking: Preliminary Findings

Predicting Eating Disorder and Anxiety Symptoms Using Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Polygenic Scores

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