Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Reghunandanan, Samar; Fineberg, Naomi; Stein, Dan J.

doi:10.1093/med/9780198706878.001.0001

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…CBT by itself may be less effective, because it addresses only cognitive aspects of OCD. Although this psychological technique is effective in reducing not only the urges to perform compulsions but also the obsessive thoughts, 50% of patients are resistant to such treatment due to lack of motivation and engagement (Reghunandanan et al, 2015). The neural mediation of successful CBT remains fully to be elucidated; a classical study showed that behavior therapy in OCD had effects comparable to those of medication with the 5-HT agent clomipramine in influencing caudate nucleus metabolism (Baxter et al, 1992).…”

Section: Treatments For Ocd: Neuroscientific Basis and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Puzzles and Prospects

Robbins

Vaghi

Banca

2019

Neuron

348

295

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a severe and disabling psychiatric disorder that presents several challenges for neuroscience. Recent advances in its genetic and developmental causation, as well as its neuropsychological basis, are reviewed. Hypotheses concerning an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual behavior together with neural correlates in cortico-striatal circuitry are evaluated and contrasted with metacognitive theories. Treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tend to be of mixed efficacy but include psychological, pharmacological, and surgical approaches, the underlying mechanisms of which are still under debate. Overall, the prospects for new animal models and an integrated understanding of the pathophysiology of OCD are considered in the context of dimensional psychiatry.The diagnoses can extend from OCD to Tourette tic disorder, drug addiction, eating disorders, and behavioral addictions such as compulsive gambling and compulsive internet use. Compulsivity as defined above can be measured in a variety of ways, including of stereotyped behavior, neuropsychological assessment of cognitive flexibility, inappropriate perseveration in reversal learning tasks, or response inhibition, and by questionnaires. BES, Binge-

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Section: Treatments For Ocd: Neuroscientific Basis and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Puzzles and Prospects

Robbins

Vaghi

Banca

2019

Neuron

348

295

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(see Wikramanyake et al, 2017). This staging was designed for the purpose of this study based on current evidence-based treatment algorithms for OCD (Reghunandanan et al, 2015). Patients were grouped into 7 different stages of treatment-resistance, according to prior usage of evidence-based pharmacological treatment and psychological therapies for OCD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlap of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder and autism spectrum disorder traits among OCD outpatients: an exploratory study

Gadelkarim

Shahper

Reid

et al. 2019

International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice

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Background: Whereas the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) shows similarities to that of obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) as well as with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the relationship between these disorders is poorly understood. Aims: Within a clinical sample, we aimed to investigate the distribution of OCD, OCPD and ASD symptoms and traits and their interrelationship, as well as to evaluate insight and treatment refractoriness. Method: Consecutive adult OCD outpatients were assessed for OCPD traits (Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale (CPAS)), OCD symptoms (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)), ASD traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)), insight (Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS)) and treatment resistance (clinical records). Those scoring highly on the AQ underwent a diagnostic interview for ASD. Results: 67 consenting individuals completed the CPAS, BABS and AQ, and 65 completed the Y-BOCS. 24 patients (35.8%) were diagnosed with OCPD. Patients with OCPD were less likely to be employed (p=.04). They demonstrated elevated AQ scores (p=.004) and rates of ASD diagnosis (54.2%) (p <.001). OCPD traits (CPAS) showed a highly significant correlation with ASD traits (AQ) (p<.001), and no association with Y-BOCS, BABS or treatment resistance. Conclusion: In an OCD cohort limited by small size, OCPD associated strongly with unemployment and ASD, with implications for diagnosis, treatment and outcome.

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“…Different techniques can be employed, but a common approach is to use 'behavioural experiments' to test the validity of the patient's beliefs about control and threat. 14 However, accessing any form of ERP or CBT may be difficult for some individuals due to local service provision or patient factors. Therefore, treatment with remote access CBT, for example via an online platform, has been used in some circumstances.…”

Section: Outcome Of Psychological Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%