Obsessional Illness in Mental Hospital Patients

Ingram, Isabella

doi:10.1192/bjp.107.448.382

Cited by 174 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Before the widespread use of psychometric measures to assess intellectual functioning, psychiatrists had assumed that patients with OCD were of superior intelligence (Lewis, 1936), an assumption that was supported by earlier studies (Eysenck, 1947;Ingram, 1961 In the study by Douglass et al (1995), three WISC-R IQ scores obtained at ages 7, 9 and 11 were summed to create a cumulative index of IQ. Although the OCD group had the highest mean IQ score, this finding was not significantly different from the psychologically healthy control group, the conduct disorder group, or the mixed anxiety/depressive disorder group.…”

Section: Intelligence Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The analytical epidemiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Risk factors and correlates

Fontenelle

Hasler²

2008

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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In this qualitative systematic review, we evaluate studies of the demographic, innate, and environmental risk factors and correlates associated with the development of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in epidemiological samples. We found that a significant proportion of the studies indicate that late adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability for the development of OCD; that OCD affects predominantly female adults and male children and adolescents; that those who are unmarried or abusing drugs are more likely to present with OCD; that OCD is a familial and genetic disorder, particularly when one considers symptom dimensions instead of categorical diagnosis and when the disorder begins at an early age; and that individuals with OCD from the community, like those seen in clinical settings, may be especially prone to present psychiatric conditions such as mood and anxiety disorders. Although there are plenty of data on the correlates and risk factors of OCD in epidemiological samples, more research is needed on other potential risk factors, including obstetrical and pregnancy problems, pre-morbid neurocognitive functioning, and streptococcal infections, among others.

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Section: Intelligence Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The analytical epidemiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Risk factors and correlates

Fontenelle

Hasler²

2008

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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“…126 Another interesting observation is that the rates of OCD among new mothers is substantially higher than rates among the population and vary from 11 to 47%. [127][128][129][130][131] Most of these cases begin during late pregnancy or a few days to 2 weeks after delivery and involve intrusive worries of the mother doing harm to the newborn. Indeed, there are even anecdotal reports that new fathers may also be at increased risk.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only a few studies have investigated the occurrence of stressful or potentially triggering events in the history of individuals with OCD. [127][128][129]131,136,137 Frequently reported precipitants include a recent move, sexual or marital problems and the illness or death of a near relative. [127][128][129] However, these studies have methodological weaknesses such as assessment of event occurrence without reliable and valid schedules, investigation of ill-defined premorbid study periods and absence of comparison groups.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive-compulsive disorder phenotypes: implications for genetic studies

et al. 2004

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) clinical presentation is remarkably diverse, and can vary both within and across patients over time. This variability in the phenotypic expression has led to the hypothesis that OCD is a heterogeneous disorder and that this heterogeneity obscures the findings of clinical, natural history and treatment response studies and complicates the search for vulnerability genes. A complete understanding of what comprises OCD and the underlying etiological mechanisms will require a dramatic change in how the disorder is conceptualized. In this review, several different approaches that may represent the first steps in this reconceptualization are discussed. These approaches include (1) narrowing the phenotype to identify categorically defined more homogeneous and mutually exclusive subtypes of OCD, (2) considering OC symptom dimensions as quantitative components of the more complex OCD phenotype and (3) broadening the phenotype to include other etiologically related conditions. A combined dimensional approach within distinctive subgroups is proposed as probably the most effective in helping to identify the heritable components of OCD. By identifying heritable components of OCD, it should be possible to find genes for these separate components. The review continues with the illustration of the possible role of some epigenetic risk and protective factors in the OCD presentation and the relevance of examining associated traits and/or endophenotypes to enhance our ability to understand the genetic basis of OCD. To conclude, we discuss the variability in treatment outcome and the significance of the development of specific pharmacological and/or behavioral based therapies tailored to each of these phenotypes. Molecular Psychiatry (2005) 10, 258-275.

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“…These may have implications in both choosing management options and evaluating prognosis. Numerous follow up studies highlighting these aspects have been conducted several decades ago in different regions (19)(20)(21). Extrapolating these findings to a current Sri Lankan setting may not be appropriate because of cultural and religious disparities as well as the chronological differences between the periods of study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%