Observing 'Normal' Behaviour: Cueing Methods for CCTV

Stedmon, Alex W.; King, Matthew R.; Wilson, John R.

doi:10.1201/9781315106595-28

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Although there continue to be advances in CCTV technology, such systems will always require a human operator at least in a supervisory capacity (Dadashi et al, 2013; Norris & Armstrong, 1997), thus retaining some vulnerability to the cognitive limitations discussed previously. In such context, it would be remiss to spend excess time and resources perfecting the system itself, at the expense of understanding the interaction between the system and the human agent (Dadashi et al, 2013; Stedmon, King, & Wilson, 2007). Like any coordinated teamwork, a joint human–automation system is most effective when participants are mutually predictable, responsive to each other’s influence, and able to communicate their status and intentions in a way that is obvious and interpretable by the others (Klein, Woods, Bradshaw, Hoffman, & Feltovitch, 2004).…”

Section: Potential Solutions To Cognitive Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See no evil: Cognitive challenges of security surveillance and monitoring.

Hodgetts

Vachon

Chamberland

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

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RUNNING HEAD: Cognitive challenges of security surveillanceWord count of main text: 9,377Challenges of security surveillance 2 AbstractWhile the development of intelligent technologies in security surveillance can augment human capabilities, they do not replace the role of the operator entirely; as such, when developing surveillance support it is critical that limitations to the cognitive system are taken into account.The current article reviews the cognitive challenges associated with the task of a CCTV operator: visual search and cognitive/perceptual overload, attentional failures, vulnerability to distraction, and decision-making in a dynamically evolving environment. While not directly applied to surveillance issues, we suggest that the NSEEV (noticingsalience, effort, expectancy, value) model of attention could provide a useful theoretical basis for understanding the challenges faced in detection and monitoring tasks. Having identified cognitive limitations of the human operator, this review sets out a research agenda for further understanding the cognitive functioning related to surveillance, and highlights the need to consider the human element at the design stage when developing technological solutions to security surveillance. General Audience SummaryHigh expectations are placed upon surveillance technologies to protect infrastructure and public places. While technological systems can automate some aspects of the surveillance process, the human operator is still ultimately responsible for detection of suspicious activities and decisionmaking. Thus, the optimal design and development of new technology should not focus solely on the capabilities of the system itself, but on supporting the operator's cognitive vulnerabilities.Observations and interviews with closed-circuit television personnel have previously highlighted several challenges with the task and control room environmentincluding information overload, distraction, and long work shiftswhich we review in terms of the cognitive science literature.We set out a research agenda to investigate these issues in relation to a recent psychological theory of detection, and suggest ways in which progress can be made regarding training of operators, visualization and workspace design, and the use of intelligent and automated systems. Challenges of security surveillance 4 See no evil: Cognitive challenges of security surveillance and monitoring What Is Surveillance?Surveillance can take many forms, such as monitoring of crowds (e.g., riots, lifeguarding), a particular individual (shoplifter, terrorism suspect, drug dealer), objects (vehicles, unattended baggage), infrastructure (both public and remote; e.g., government buildings, railways, hydroelectric dams), or computer systems (cyber-attacks), as well as radarbased monitoring and risk assessment such as that required by air traffic controllers or military personnel. These supervisory monitoring tasks are all similar in that they involve concentration for long periods on a complex and dynamically evolving sit...

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Section: Potential Solutions To Cognitive Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See no evil: Cognitive challenges of security surveillance and monitoring.

Hodgetts

Vachon

Chamberland

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whilst the implementation of CCTV can be extremely expensive (£21bn between 1985 and 1999 in the UK), this does not guarantee its effectiveness and all CCTV systems rely to some extent on the competence of the human operator (Norris and Armstrong 1997). As a consequence, as with all technology, there is always a risk that too much attention is paid to perfecting the technical solution rather than studying how humans will interact with it (Stedmon, King and Wilson 2007). For example, cameras poorly positioned and located inappropriately produce low quality images in the control room, which in turn lead to difficulties for operators in trying to identify an object or recognise a person (Keval and Sasse 2006).…”

Section: The Role Of Human Factors In Cctv Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

The camera never lies, or does it? The dangers of taking CCTV surveillance at face value

Stedmon

2011

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How many of us question what we’re shown via closed circuit television (CCTV) as being the truth of a situation? Can clear and easily identifiable images be wrong? And if they are, how can you argue against the power of the recorded image from a legal standpoint? Can Human Factors help us improve surveillance for society? In this real example of improper CCTV surveillance, can CCTV always be taken at face value? The simple answer is no, but how many people accept what they’re shown without question and end up paying the penalties? This paper examines a case study where all that appeared on the CCTV image was not as it seemed. It then considers the underlying human factors issues of CCTV technologies for surveillance and the importance of understanding the fundamental human-machine interface.

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Observing 'Normal' Behaviour: Cueing Methods for CCTV

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

See no evil: Cognitive challenges of security surveillance and monitoring.

See no evil: Cognitive challenges of security surveillance and monitoring.

The camera never lies, or does it? The dangers of taking CCTV surveillance at face value

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