Observing growth steps of collagen self-assembly by time-lapse high-resolution atomic force microscopy

Cisneros, David A.; Hung, Carlos; Franz, Clemens M.; Müller, Daniel J.

doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2006.02.006

Cited by 146 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The spiral twisting of fibre orientation in bone lamellae has been assessed by others as well (Wagermaier et al, 2006, Weidenreich, 1930. Another feature of collagen fibril orientation in lamellae is that it is a self-assembly process in the organic extracellular matrix determined to a large extent by local stress-strain conditions and by the intrinsic chemical properties of the collagen molecules rather than being specifically cell-directed (Bouligand et al, 1985;Cisneros et al, 2006;Kadler et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussion Of Specific Structural Features Of Bone Developmementioning

confidence: 99%

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

Shapiro

2008

eCM

424

345

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Bone development occurs by two mechanisms: intramembranous bone formation and endochondral bone formation. Bone tissue forms by eventual differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into either mesenchymal osteoblasts (MOBL), which synthesize woven bone in random orientation, or surface osteoblasts (SOBL), which synthesize bone on surfaces in a well oriented lamellar array. Bone repair uses the same formation patterns as bone development but the specific mechanism of repair is determined by the biomechanical environment provided. Bone synthesis and maintenance are highly dependent on the blood supply of bone and on cell-cell communication via the lacunar-canalicular system. Recent investigations highlight the molecular cascades leading to cell differentiation, the components of the structural proteins such as the various collagens, and tissue vascularization. The patterning of bone matrix from an initial woven to an eventual lamellar orientation is essential for bone to develop its maximum strength. This review demonstrates the repetitive nature of woven to lamellar bone formation as mediated by MOBLs and SOBLs in both normal vertebrate bones and bone repair. Repair, using endochondral, primary, direct and distraction osteogenesis mechanisms, is reviewed along with the associated molecular, vascular, and biophysical features. Introductory concepts and terms Bone formationBone formation is complex but the three-dimensional positioning of cells and matrices is straightforward. As in any discussion of bone formation it is important to keep in mind the distinction between bone as a tissue (bone cells and the mineralized matrix) and bone as an organ (including several tissues such as bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, marrow and blood vessels). Normal bone develops using only 2 mechanisms: a) Intramembranous bone formation is mediated by the inner periosteal osteogenic layer with bone synthesized initially without the mediation of a cartilage phase. b) Endochondral bone formation describes the synthesis of bone on a mineralized cartilage scaffold after epiphyseal and physeal cartilage have shaped and elongated the developing organ. These mechanisms are also used in fracture and osteotomy repair with the specific mechanism dependent on the mechanical environment provided during repair. With intramembranous bone repair, mesenchymal cells differentiate along a preosteoblast to osteoblast line while endochondral bone repair is characterized by the initial synthesis of cartilage followed by the endochondral sequence of bone formation. The terms intramembranous and endochondral refer to the tissue being replaced, not to the eventual bone synthesized which is the same in both mechanisms. Matrix orientationIn bone tissue formation osteoblasts synthesize and deposit type I collagen, the main protein constituent of bone matrix, in only 2 basic conformations, a) woven and b) lamellar. In woven bone the collagen fibrils are randomly oriented while in lamellar bone they are clustered in parallel arrays. The fibrils in lamellar...

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Section: Discussion Of Specific Structural Features Of Bone Developmementioning

confidence: 99%

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

Shapiro

2008

eCM

424

345

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“…For collagen-I coating, mica discs (6.5 mm) were glued (OP-29, Dymax Europe GmbH) to glass coverslips (24 mm). Then, bovine dermal collagen (30 g/ml, Cohesion) in coating buffer (200 mM KCl, 50 mM glycine, pH 9.2) was added to freshly cleaved mica and incubated overnight at room temperature (17). Unbound protein was removed with PBS and fresh measurement medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-3 Regulates Integrin α2β1-mediated Adhesion to Collagen-I and -IV

Friedrichs

Manninen

Müller

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Galectins are a taxonomically widespread family of galactose-binding proteins of which galectin-3 is known to modulate cell adhesion. Using single cell force spectroscopy, the contribution of galectin-3 to the adhesion of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to different extracellular matrix proteins was investigated. When adhering to collagen-I or -IV, some cells rapidly entered an enhanced adhesion state, marked by a significant increase in the force required for cell detachment. Galectin-3-depleted cells had an increased probability of entering the enhanced adhesion state. Adhesion enhancement was specific to integrin ␣ 2 ␤ 1 , as it was not observed when cells adhered to extracellular matrix substrates by other integrins. The adhesion phenotype of galectin-3-depleted cells was mimicked in a galactoside-deficient MDCK cell line and could be complemented by the addition of recombinant galectin-3. We propose that galectin-3 influences integrin ␣ 2 ␤ 1 -mediated adhesion complex formation by altering receptor clustering.

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“…Collagen type I matrices were prepared as described previously (Cisneros et al, 2006). Briefly, mica disks (diameter 4 mm) were mounted on glass coverslips (diameter 24 mm) or tissue culture dishes (diameter 35 mm) by using an optical adhesive (OP-29; Dymax, Torrington, CT).…”

Section: Surface Decoration With Collagenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The substrates were maintained hydrated to ensure the integrity of the collagen layer. To verify complete coverage of the mica surface, the collagen matrices were imaged by AFM as described previously (Cisneros et al, 2006). …”

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confidence: 99%

Revealing Early Steps of α₂β₁Integrin-mediated Adhesion to Collagen Type I by Using Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy

Taubenberger

Cisneros

Friedrichs

et al. 2007

MBoC

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197

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We have characterized early steps of ␣ 2 ␤ 1 integrin-mediated cell adhesion to a collagen type I matrix by using single-cell force spectroscopy. In agreement with the role of ␣ 2 ␤ 1 as a collagen type I receptor, ␣ 2 ␤ 1 -expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-A2 cells spread rapidly on the matrix, whereas ␣ 2 ␤ 1 -negative CHO wild-type cells adhered poorly. Probing CHO-A2 cell detachment forces over a contact time range of 600 s revealed a nonlinear adhesion response. During the first 60 s, cell adhesion increased slowly, and forces associated with the smallest rupture events were consistent with the breakage of individual integrin-collagen bonds. Above 60 s, a fraction of cells rapidly switched into an activated adhesion state marked by up to 10-fold increased detachment forces. Elevated overall cell adhesion coincided with a rise of the smallest rupture forces above the value required to break a single-integrin-collagen bond, suggesting a change from single to cooperative receptor binding. Transition into the activated adhesion mode and the increase of the smallest rupture forces were both blocked by inhibitors of actomyosin contractility. We therefore propose a two-step mechanism for the establishment of ␣ 2 ␤ 1 -mediated adhesion as weak initial, single-integrin-mediated binding events are superseded by strong adhesive interactions involving receptor cooperativity and actomyosin contractility. INTRODUCTIONIntegrins are a family of ␣/␤-heterodimeric receptors involved in cell-cell adhesion and cell attachment to the extracellular matrix (Hynes, 1992). In adherent cells, integrins are often arranged into highly organized structures, such as focal complexes, focal adhesions, and fibrillar adhesions . In these mature adhesive contacts, integrins are linked to the actin cytoskeleton via their intracellular domains and a multitude of adapter proteins, such as vinculin, talin, and ␣-actinin (Zamir and Geiger, 2001). Whereas the molecular composition of integrin complexes and signaling pathways controlling their macroscopic assembly or disassembly have been analyzed in detail, less is known about the early molecular events leading to the formation of integrin-based adhesion.Generally, integrin-mediated adhesion is thought to be initiated on the cell membrane by the engagement of individual integrin dimers with their respective ligand (Lotz et al., 1989;Gallant and Garcia, 2006). The number of receptorligand pairs may then grow by increasing the cell-substrate contact area and by receptor diffusion within that zone. Subsequent adhesion strengthening occurs through integrin clustering and linkage to the cytoskeleton. In addition, the ligand affinity of the integrins may increase as a result of intracellular regulatory pathways (Hughes and Pfaff, 1998). At a later stage, the assembly of higher-order integrincytoskeletal complexes requires actomyosin-driven contractility under the control of the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RhoA (Chrzanowska-Wodnicka and Burridge, 1996) and its downstream target Rho-assoc...

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Observing growth steps of collagen self-assembly by time-lapse high-resolution atomic force microscopy

Cited by 146 publications

References 89 publications

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

Galectin-3 Regulates Integrin α2β1-mediated Adhesion to Collagen-I and -IV

Revealing Early Steps of α₂β₁Integrin-mediated Adhesion to Collagen Type I by Using Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy

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Observing growth steps of collagen self-assembly by time-lapse high-resolution atomic force microscopy

Cited by 146 publications

References 89 publications

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

Galectin-3 Regulates Integrin α2β1-mediated Adhesion to Collagen-I and -IV

Revealing Early Steps of α2β1Integrin-mediated Adhesion to Collagen Type I by Using Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy

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Revealing Early Steps of α₂β₁Integrin-mediated Adhesion to Collagen Type I by Using Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy