Observing Gravity Change in the Fennoscandian Uplift Area with the Hanover Absolute Gravimeter

Timmen, Ludger; Gitlein, Olga; Klemann, Volker; Wolf, Detlef

doi:10.1007/s00024-011-0397-9

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the difference in the trend estimate from either short or long time series can be significant and any anomalous observation may affect the trend. This can be seen in the case of Onsala and Copenhagen, where changes in the sea level of the Danish straits affect the measurements noticeably (Müller et al, 2010;Timmen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Comparison and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Using the Nordic Geodetic Observing System for land uplift studies

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Geodetic observing systems have been planned and developed during the last decade. An ideal observing system consists of a network of geodetic observing stations with several techniques at the same site, publicly accessible databases, and as a product delivers data time series, combination of techniques or some other results obtained from the data sets. Globally, there is the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), and there are ongoing attempts to create also regional observing systems. In this paper we introduce one regional system, the Nordic Geodetic Observing System (NGOS) hosted by the Nordic Geodetic Commission (NKG). Data availability and accessibility are one of the major issues today. We discuss in general data-related topics, and introduce a pilot database project of NGOS. As a demonstration of the use of such a database, we apply it for postglacial rebound studies in the Fennoscandian area. We compare land uplift values from three techniques, GNSS, tide gauges and absolute gravity, with the Nordic Geodetic Commission NKG2005LU land uplift model for Fennoscandia. The purpose is to evaluate the data obtained from different techniques and different sources and get the most reliable values for the uplift using publicly available data. The primary aim of observing systems will be to produce data and other products needed by multidisciplinary projects, such as Upper Mantle Dynamics and Quaternary Climate in Cratonic Areas (DynaQlim) or the European Plate Observing System (EPOS), but their needs may currently exceed the scope of an existing observing system. We discuss what requirements the projects pose to observing systems and their development. To make comparisons between different studies possible and reliable, the researcher should document what they have in detail, either in appendixes, supplementary material or some other available format.

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Section: Comparison and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Taking into account the mass change between oceans and glaciers and upper mantle viscoelastic flow, there is a total of 5 × 10 19 kg of mass transportation during the glaciation cycle (almost 10 −5 of the mass of the Earth; e.g. van Dam et al, 2008;Poutanen and Ivins, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Nordic Geodetic Observing System for land uplift studies

et al. 2014

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“…−16 nm/s 2 per cm, cf. [1]. The lithosphere responses to its original position due to deloading of ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lithosphere responses to its original position due to deloading of ice. This uplift is observed by geometric and gravimetric methods [1][2][3][4]. A joint project for gravimetric surveys of the land uplift in Fennoscandia was established in 2003 within a multinational cooperation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Atmospheric Gravity Effects for High-Precision Observations

Gitlein¹,

Timmen²,

Müller³

2013

IJG

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Temporal variations of atmospheric density distribution induce changes in the gravitational air mass attraction at a specific observation site. Additionally, the load of the atmospheric masses deforms the Earth’s crust and the sea surface. Variations in the local gravity acceleration and atmospheric pressure are known to be corrected with an admittance of about 3 nm/s² per hPa as a standard factor, which is in accordance with the IAG Resolution No. 9, 1983. A more accurate admittance factor for a gravity station is varying with time and depends on the total global mass distribution within the atmosphere. The Institut für Erdmessung (IfE) performed absolute gravity observations in the Fennoscandian land uplift area nearly every year from 2003 to 2008. The objective is to ensure a reduction with 3 nm/s² accuracy. Therefore, atmospheric gravity changes are modeled using globally distributed ECMWF data. The attraction effect from the local zone around the gravity station is calculated with ECMWF 3D weather data describing different pressure levels up to a height of 50 km. To model the regional and global attraction, and all deformation components the Green’s functions method and surface ECMWF 2D weather data are used. For the annually performed absolute gravimetry determinations, this approach improved the reductions by 8 nm/s² (-19 nm/s² to +4 nm/s²). The gravity modeling was verified using superconducting gravimeter data at station Membach inBelgiumimproving the residuals by about 15%.

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“…In addition, the long-term stability of absolute gravimeters is of particular relevance when measuring small gravity trends. For example, the determination of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) on regional scales of around 1000 km (Timmen et al 2011) requires an instrument stable to the 20 nm/s 2 level over several years. Extending this effort by deploying several AGs also requires the knowledge of the biases of all the instruments involved (Olsson et al 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gravity field modelling for the Hannover 10 m atom interferometer

Schilling

Wodey

Timmen

et al. 2020

J Geod

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Absolute gravimeters are used in geodesy, geophysics and physics for a wide spectrum of applications. Stable gravimetric measurements over timescales from several days to decades are required to provide relevant insight into geophysical processes. Users of absolute gravimeters participate in comparisons with a metrological reference in order to monitor the temporal stability of the instruments and determine the bias to that reference. However, since no measurement standard of higher-order accuracy currently exists, users of absolute gravimeters participate in key comparisons led by the International Committee for Weights and Measures. These comparisons provide the reference values of highest accuracy compared to the calibration against a single gravimeter operated at a metrological institute. The construction of stationary, large-scale atom interferometers paves the way for a new measurement standard in absolute gravimetry used as a reference with a potential stability up to $$1\,\hbox {nm}{/}{\hbox {s}^{2}}$$ 1 nm / s 2 at 1 s integration time. At the Leibniz University Hannover, we are currently building such a very long baseline atom interferometer with a 10-m-long interaction zone. The knowledge of local gravity and its gradient along and around the baseline is required to establish the instrument’s uncertainty budget and enable transfers of gravimetric measurements to nearby devices for comparison and calibration purposes. We therefore established a control network for relative gravimeters and repeatedly measured its connections during the construction of the atom interferometer. We additionally developed a 3D model of the host building to investigate the self-attraction effect and studied the impact of mass changes due to groundwater hydrology on the gravity field around the reference instrument. The gravitational effect from the building 3D model is in excellent agreement with the latest gravimetric measurement campaign which opens the possibility to transfer gravity values with an uncertainty below the $${10}\,\hbox {nm}{/}{\hbox {s}^{2}}$$ 10 nm / s 2 level.

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Observing Gravity Change in the Fennoscandian Uplift Area with the Hanover Absolute Gravimeter

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Using the Nordic Geodetic Observing System for land uplift studies

Using the Nordic Geodetic Observing System for land uplift studies

Modeling of Atmospheric Gravity Effects for High-Precision Observations

Gravity field modelling for the Hannover 10 m atom interferometer

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