“…Velocity data can naturally be obtained by numerical differentiation of the position sensor data but there is no theoretical justification for this method [2,3]. Due to the these challenges, control of n-DoF robotic manipulators without velocity data has been extensively studied, e.g., in [2,4,5,10,14], see also the survey [3], where the actuator dynamics have been neglected. Similar research for robots with, e.g., hydraulic actuators has been done in [6,12].…”