Observer Based Fuel Delivery Control for PEM Fuel Cells with a Segmented Anode Model

Abstract

In the anode of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, the measurable outlet pressure is usually different with the actually utilized stack pressure. In this paper, the anode of PEM fuel cells is divided into three segments to reduce the modeling error between these two pressures and the impact of the spatial distribution of pressure, electrochemical reaction, and gas permeation. Specifically, we first model the fuel delivery system with anode recirculation and bleeding in a MIMO nonlinear compact form based on the segmented anode model. Then, a Lyapunov-based full state feedback controller is proposed based on the developed model to guarantee adequate hydrogen supply and maintain the anode hydrogen at a suitable concentration level. Moreover, a high order sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate the unmeasurable pressure and the partial pressure in the fuel delivery system with known disturbance. Furthermore, an output feedback controller based on the proposed observer is developed with guaranteed stability. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control and the estimation approaches.

Identification of Wiener models for dynamic and steady‐state performance with application to solid oxide fuel cell

“…The partial derivatives used in the right sides of Equations (12), (13) and (14) are derived by differentiating Equations (1) and (3), which gives…”

“…Fuel cells are very promising sources of energy since they are able to directly convert the chemical energy stored in hydrocarbon fuels (e.g. Recently, a number of model-based control methods have been developed for different types of fuel cells: observer-based state feedback control [13], optimal control [14], extremum seeking control cooperating with model reference adaptive control [15], adaptive control [16], model predictive control (MPC) [17][18][19] and fractional order controllers [20]. Among different types of fuel cells, SOFCs [11,12] may be distinguished since they have many advantages: high electrical efficiency, fuel flexibility, low emission, quiet operation and relatively low cost.…”

“…For economically efficient and safe operation of SOFCs precise control is necessary. Recently, a number of model‐based control methods have been developed for different types of fuel cells: observer‐based state feedback control [], optimal control [], extremum seeking control cooperating with model reference adaptive control [], adaptive control [], model predictive control (MPC) [] and fractional order controllers []. A precise model of the process is necessary for developing all these algorithms.…”

Adaptive integral type‐terminal sliding mode control for PEMFC air supply system using time delay estimation algorithm

“…Cleanliness, sustainability and reliability of energy sources are the major contributing factors to establish power sources [1,2]. Fuel cells are currently getting lots of attention from the researchers because they are promising as alternative power sources [3,4].…”

“…Several control structures and observers based on SMC were developed for PEMFC air supply system, among them, super twisting SMC [21,22], adaptive super twisting SMC [23], highorder SMC [24] and adaptive high-order SMC [25]. In addition, finite time state observer based-control via high-order sliding mode (HOSM) was designed to estimate and control the oxygen excess ratio [26] and highorder sliding mode observer based-fuel delivery control was proposed in Chen et al [2].…”