Observed soil temperature trends associated with climate change in Canada

Qian, Budong; Gregorich, E.G.; Gameda, S.; Hopkins, D. W.; Wang, Xiaolan L.

doi:10.1029/2010jd015012

Cited by 148 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Nevertheless, correlations between ST and SD with significant levels (α = 0.01 or α = 0.05) were determined as negative widely. Being different from other regions (Goodrich 1982;Ming et al 2013;Qian et al 2011;Qin et al 2006), the averaged slightly increasing SD trends in winter had an inhibitory effect on the ST increase in the TP although the soil underwent significant warming in the area during 1960-2014. The low average SD (1.61 cm, Table 2) in the TP might be responsible to the extremely weak insulation effect on ST. On the other hand, the significant warming trends of AT accompanied with the ST tended to induce the snowmelting regionally, following the energy absorption and cooling process in upper soil layer.…”

Section: Relationship Between St and Other Climate Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The snow cover, which influences the ground thermal regime as well as the near surface air, occupies an irreplaceable position in landatmosphere interaction studies (Goodrich 1982;Ming et al 2013;Qian et al 2011). For example, the insulation effect of snow cover on the ground normally results in higher ST in winter and lower ST in spring and autumn (Qian et al 2011). Consequently, the decreasing or increasing trend of SD in the TP might be crucial to the ST variation, also the near surface AT, even to the regional or global atmosphere circulation.…”

Section: Relationship Between St and Other Climate Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate warming is widespread over the world and is greater at higher latitudes. Furthermore, land regions have warmed faster than the oceans (Qian et al 2011). Observations have unearthed the impacts of climate warming on ecosystem and natural resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of ST trends in long time series through the soil profile is deemed as an effective approach to reflect the degree of climate change accurately (Yang et al 2010a;Yang et al 2010b). Recently, there have been numerous reports of ST variation associated with the climate change in various parts of the world, such as Alaska and Siberia (Oelke and Zhang 2004), Turkey (Yeşilırmak 2014), Canada (Qian et al 2011), Russia (Zhang et al 2001), and China (Wang et al 2009;Wang et al 2014b;Wu and Zhang 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observed soil temperature trends associated with climate change in the Tibetan Plateau, 1960–2014

Fang

Luo

Lyu

2018

Theor Appl Climatol

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Soil temperature, an important indicator of climate change, has rarely explored due to scarce observations, especially in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) area. In this study, changes observed in five meteorological variables obtained from the TP between 1960 and 2014 were investigated using two non-parametric methods, the modified Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator method. Analysis of annual series from 1960 to 2014 has shown that surface (0 cm), shallow (5-20 cm), deep (40-320 cm) soil temperatures (ST), mean air temperature (AT), and precipitation (P) increased with rates of 0.47°C/decade, 0.36°C/decade, 0.36°C/decade, 0.35°C/decade, and 7.36 mm/decade, respectively, while maximum frozen soil depth (MFD) as well as snow cover depth (MSD) decreased with rates of 5.58 and 0.07 cm/decade. Trends were significant at 99 or 95% confidence level for the variables, with the exception of P and MSD. More impressive rate of the ST at each level than the AT indicates the clear response of soil to climate warming on a regional scale. Monthly changes observed in surface ST in the past decades were consistent with those of AT, indicating a central place of AT in the soil warming. In addition, with the exception of MFD, regional scale increasing trend of P as well as the decreasing MSD also shed light on the mechanisms driving soil trends. Significant negative-dominated correlation coefficients (α = 0.05) between ST and MSD indicate the decreasing MSD trends in TP were attributable to increasing ST, especially in surface layer. Owing to the frozen ground, the relationship between ST and P is complicated in the area. Higher P also induced higher ST, while the inhibition of freeze and thaw process on the ST in summer. With the increasing AT, P accompanied with the decreasing MFD, MSD should be the major factors induced the conspicuous soil warming of the TP in the past decades.

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Section: Relationship Between St and Other Climate Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between St and Other Climate Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Observed soil temperature trends associated with climate change in the Tibetan Plateau, 1960–2014

Fang

Luo

Lyu

2018

Theor Appl Climatol

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“…Measurements of active-layer depth across circumpolar regions and borehole temperature profiles indicate that activelayer thickness (ALT) on top of boreal permafrost has been increasing in response to the warming that occurred during recent decades in North America, northern Europe, and Russia (e.g., Zhang et al, 2001;Qian et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2005Smith et al, , 2010Romanovsky et al, , 2010. For example, the borehole record of Alert in Canada (82 • 30 N,62 • 25 W) shows that soil temperature at 9, 15, and 24 m increased at rates of 0.6, 0.4, and 0.2 • C decade −1 from 1978 to 2007, respectively .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated high-latitude soil thermal dynamics during the past 4 decades

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Soil temperature (T s ) change is a key indicator of the dynamics of permafrost. On seasonal and interannual timescales, the variability of T s determines the activelayer depth, which regulates hydrological soil properties and biogeochemical processes. On the multi-decadal scale, increasing T s not only drives permafrost thaw/retreat but can also trigger and accelerate the decomposition of soil organic carbon. The magnitude of permafrost carbon feedbacks is thus closely linked to the rate of change of soil thermal regimes. In this study, we used nine process-based ecosystem models with permafrost processes, all forced by different observation-based climate forcing during the period 1960-2000, to characterize the warming rate of T s in permafrost regions. There is a large spread of T s trends at 20 cm depth across the models, with trend values ranging from 0.010 ± 0.003 to 0.031 ± 0.005 • C yr −1 . Most models show smaller increase in T s with increasing depth. Air temperature (T a ) and longwave downward radiation (LWDR) are the main drivers of T s trends, but their relative contributions differ amongst the models. Different trends of LWDR used in the forcing of models can explain 61 % of their differences in T s trends, while trends of T a only explain 5 % of the differences in T s trends. Uncertain climate forcing contributes a larger uncertainty in T s trends (0.021 ± 0.008 • C yr −1 , mean ± standard deviation) than the uncertainty of model structure (0.012 ± 0.001 • C yr −1 ), diagnosed from the range Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. S. Peng et al.: Simulated high-latitude soil thermal dynamics during the past 4 decadesof response between different models, normalized to the same forcing. In addition, the loss rate of near-surface permafrost area, defined as total area where the maximum seasonal active-layer thickness (ALT) is less than 3 m loss rate, is found to be significantly correlated with the magnitude of the trends of T s at 1 m depth across the models (R = −0.85, P = 0.003), but not with the initial total nearsurface permafrost area (R = −0.30, P = 0.438). The sensitivity of the total boreal near-surface permafrost area to T s at 1 m is estimated to be of −2.80 ± 0.67 million km 2 • C −1 . Finally, by using two long-term LWDR data sets and relationships between trends of LWDR and T s across models, we infer an observation-constrained total boreal near-surface permafrost area decrease comprising between 39 ± 14 × 10 3 and 75 ± 14 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 from 1960 to 2000. This corresponds to 9-18 % degradation of the current permafrost area.

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Spatiotemporal variations of differences between surface air and ground temperatures in China

Wang

Yan

2017

JGR Atmospheres

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This study analyzed the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the difference between ground surface temperature (GST) and surface air temperature (SAT) in China based on monthly station data (1970–2015). Overall, the spatial patterns and temporal evolutions of the annual and seasonal means of GST are similar to those of SAT. However, a dramatic increase in the difference between GST and SAT in northern China in winter is observed since 2005, which is due to a pronounced increase of GST and a slight decrease of SAT. The interdecadal variations of the tendencies of GST and SAT appear associated with the increase of snow depth in northern China (north of 40°N) in winter in recent decades, especially in northern Xinjiang, northern Inner Mongolia, and most parts of Northeast China. The connection of snow depth with the variation of GST‐SAT obtained from the station observations was consistent with that based on reanalysis data.

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Observed soil temperature trends associated with climate change in Canada

Cited by 148 publications

References 37 publications

Observed soil temperature trends associated with climate change in the Tibetan Plateau, 1960–2014

Observed soil temperature trends associated with climate change in the Tibetan Plateau, 1960–2014

Simulated high-latitude soil thermal dynamics during the past 4 decades

Spatiotemporal variations of differences between surface air and ground temperatures in China

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