Observed Dispersal of Invasive Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus) through a Saline Marine Environment and Growth in a Novel Substrate, Shell Hash

Gerwing, Travis G.; Thomson, Hanna M.; Brouard-John, Eleanor K.; Kushneryk, Katrina; Davies, Morgan M.; Lawn, P.; Nelson, Kyle R.

doi:10.1007/s13157-021-01421-w

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This resulted in a sharp decrease or even the disappearance of certain native species. The biogeomorphic feedback of invasive species can alter the selection pressure of local species at the population and community levels, leading to changes in the evolutionary process (Wang et al, 2019 ; Gerwing et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecological management practices have shifted the focus from removing the invasive species alone to monitoring and restoring the entire ecosystem (Zavaleta et al, 2001;Remm et al, 2019). In wetland ecosystem monitoring, plant communities are among the main indicators of invasion in comparative studies before and after restoration (Giljohann et al, 2011;Nicol et al, 2017;Arnoldi et al, 2022). Therefore, it is essential to investigate the characteristics of the coastal wetland plant communities invaded by S. alterniflora before and after restoration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. alterniflora has been studied extensively as an invasive species; however, most of the studies have focused on the impact of S. alterniflora invasion on native species in coastal wetlands without ecological restoration measures (Minchinton et al, 2006 ; Gerwing et al, 2021 ; Yue et al, 2021 ). Some studies have found that freshwater introduction leads to more obvious community zonality of coastal wetlands (Cui et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of freshwater on plant species diversity and interspecific associations in coastal wetlands invaded by Spartina alterniflora

Dou

Lei

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plant invasions in coastal wetlands lead to the degradation of native vegetation; the introduction of freshwater in coastal wetlands would prevent the spread of invasive plants and facilitate the restoration of native vegetation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of freshwater on plant communities in the coastal wetlands of Yancheng, China, invaded by Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Two field investigations were conducted in 2008 and 2018 before and after the introduction of freshwater (started in 2011). The characteristics of plant communities were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis and compared using several diversity indices. In addition, differences in habitat community composition and interspecific relationships of dominant species were analyzed. The results showed that S. alterniflora reduced the overall species diversity in the region. Plant species diversity increased after freshwater was introduced into the study site when compared to the areas without freshwater introduction. The introduction of freshwater caused a shift often changes in the interspecific relationships between Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. and other species. The intensified invasion of S. alterniflora changed the interspecific relationship of native halophytes from negative to positive. Although freshwater effectively inhibited further invasion of S. alterniflora, it also increased the risk of expansion of the glycophytes in the community. The results of this study highlight the need for early intervention for restoration of coastal wetlands, preservation of biodiversity, and management of plant resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of freshwater on plant species diversity and interspecific associations in coastal wetlands invaded by Spartina alterniflora

Dou

Lei

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Given that they examine communities or ecosystems as a whole, multivariate analyses can potentially obscure biologically important univariate trends, such as responses of species at risk or invasive species (Spasojevic & Suding 2012; Murray et al 2014; Gerwing et al 2016). Therefore, we suggest that univariate trends, especially for informative indicator species (Carignan & Villard 2002; Gerwing et al 2021), should still be investigated and presented independently of community analyses.…”

Section: Multivariate Versus Univariate Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarity analyses in restoration ecology and how to improve their utility

Gerwing

Hawkes

2021

Restoration Ecology

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Use of multivariate and nonparametric statistical analyses such as similarity percentages analysis has increased in the past decade within restoration studies. While very useful to compare community composition of restored habitats to reference areas, the ease in which these analyses can be applied, coupled with their power, can result in interpretation errors that could have negative ramifications upon restoration projects. Primarily, similarity measures are often used without stipulating similarity or dissimilarity targets. Despite these drawbacks, the benefits of these methods far outweigh the risks, especially if practitioners take care to specify their community similarity targets a priori and base these targets upon a representative range of reference conditions. However, restoration practitioners should remain focused on fulfilling the objectives of ecological restoration, by ensuring the development of functional habitat that is informed, but not dictated by, statistical analyses. As such, practitioners should take steps to ensure that meaningful univariate trends (e.g. an important species at risk or invasive species) and the overall functionality of the habitat should not be neglected, in favor of these methods of data analysis.

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“…In its invaded range, observations of I. pseudacorus persisting to maturity in coastal habitats have spurred research that aim to further clarify the saline tolerance of what has been historically considered a freshwater invasive species (Gerwing et al 2021;Gillard et al 2021;Grewell et al 2021;Gallego-Tévar et al 2022;Thomson et al 2022). However, we still have an incomplete understanding of how salinity impacts I. pseudacorus seed germination, especially for seeds produced by individuals in fully marine salinities (~ 33 practical salinity units [PSU]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination Response of the Freshwater Invasive Iris pseudacorus to Brackish and Marine Salinity as Well as Implications for Coastal Invasion

Thomson,

Shackelford,

Gilbert

et al. 2024

Wetlands

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Conventionally considered a freshwater species, evidence indicates that yellow ag iris (Iris pseudacorus) tolerates saline conditions. As a water-dispersed species, clarifying how I. pseudacorus seeds respond to seawater immersion is critical to understanding marine dispersal and invasion risk for coastal habitat.Using seeds from marine and freshwater I. pseudacorus populations, we assessed how the duration of immersion (15, 30, 60, and 90 days) in varying salinities (0, 13-15, 33-35 practical salinity units) affected the germination response of seeds, and whether immersion in freshwater following saline exposure impacted germination success or seed viability. Freshwater-produced seeds consistently outperformed those produced by plants persisting in marine conditions. Neither salinity concentration nor duration of immersion had a statistically signi cant impact on germination success. Exposure to saline conditions fully inhibited germination unless seeds received a freshwater recovery. Seed coat thickness was statistically signi cantly greater among the freshwater population, but there was no discernible difference in mean seed weight. Seeds from both populations remained viable following prolonged exposure to salinity. We posit that observed differences in germination between the two populations may arise from dormancy mechanisms rather than seed tness. Overall, our results suggest that I. pseudacorus has the capacity to disperse vast distances through the marine environment, potentially habitat-hopping to reach ecosystems characterized by freshwater input, such as estuaries or saltmarshes. Management efforts should target early detection of the species in freshwater-enriched coastal habitats and react rapidly to remove individuals before they become established.

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Observed Dispersal of Invasive Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus) through a Saline Marine Environment and Growth in a Novel Substrate, Shell Hash

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of freshwater on plant species diversity and interspecific associations in coastal wetlands invaded by Spartina alterniflora

Effect of freshwater on plant species diversity and interspecific associations in coastal wetlands invaded by Spartina alterniflora

Similarity analyses in restoration ecology and how to improve their utility

Germination Response of the Freshwater Invasive Iris pseudacorus to Brackish and Marine Salinity as Well as Implications for Coastal Invasion

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