Observed carbon dioxide and oxygen dynamics in a Baltic Sea coastal region

Wesslander, Karin; Hall, Per; Hjalmarsson, Sofia; Lefèvre, D.; Omstedt, Anders; Rutgersson, Anna; Tengberg, Anders

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.01.001

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Occurrence of silica-scaled chrysophytes in saline sites could have been restricted due to low partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) in water. Partial pressure of CO 2 has large seasonal variability in the Baltic Sea and is strongly influenced by salinity of the surface water (Wesslander et al, 2011). A conspicuous trait of chrysophyte physiology is the lack of carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) that concentrates carbon dioxide around the carbon fixing enzyme RuBisCO and chrysophytes therefore rely only on diffusive entry of CO 2 during photosynthesis (Saxby-Rouen et al, 1998;Maberly et al, 2009;Wolfe & Siver 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Stramenopiles, Ochrophyta) along a salinity gradient: a case study from the Gulf of Bothnia western shore (northern Europe)

et al. 2015

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Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Stramenopiles, Ochrophyta) are represented predominantly by freshwater flagellates. Diverse-scaled chrysophyte communities were previously reported from brackish waters of the Baltic Sea. However, it was clear that part of the community was delivered by freshwater river inputs. To investigate the effect of salinity on species diversity and community structure, we sampled the lakes in the close proximity to the shoreline (up to 5 km) and in almost separated deep bays (salinity values of 0.01-3.08 practical salinity units) of the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea. We excluded exposed seashore sites to minimalize river flow impact. Species determination was based on scale morphology, which was investigated with a transmission electron microscope. Salinity was the important predictor of diversity; the Simpson index significantly declined with increasing salinity. Community structure of silica-scaled chrysophytes was influenced most strongly by pH. The effect of salinity was also important; however, the net effect of salinity was overridden by pH which was highly correlated to salinity. The occurrence of twelve recorded silica-scaled chrysophytes (out of 83 taxa) was significantly negatively correlated to salinity. Conversely, six species incl. Mallomonas tonsurata and M. alpina favored more saline habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Stramenopiles, Ochrophyta) along a salinity gradient: a case study from the Gulf of Bothnia western shore (northern Europe)

et al. 2015

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“…The value of the exponent 1/2 is experimentally derived (Jähne et al, 1987) and corresponds to conditions of a wavy rough surface representative of the oceanic sea surface (Wesslander et al, 2011). Combining Eqs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty in the global oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> uptake induced by wind forcing: quantification and spatial analysis

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The calculation of the air-water CO 2 exchange (F CO 2 ) in the ocean not only depends on the gradient in CO 2 partial pressure at the air-water interface but also on the parameterization of the gas exchange transfer velocity (k) and the choice of wind product. Here, we present regional and global-scale quantifications of the uncertainty in F CO 2 induced by several widely used k formulations and four wind speed data products (CCMP, ERA, NCEP1 and NCEP2). The analysis is performed at a 1 • × 1 • resolution using the sea surface pCO 2 climatology generated by Landschützer et al. (2015a) for the 1991-2011 period, while the regional assessment relies on the segmentation proposed by the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (REC-CAP) project. First, we use k formulations derived from the global 14 C inventory relying on a quadratic relationship between k and wind speed (k = c · U 10 2 ; Sweeney et al., 2007;Takahashi et al., 2009;Wanninkhof, 2014), where c is a calibration coefficient and U 10 is the wind speed measured 10 m above the surface. Our results show that the range of global F CO 2 , calculated with these k relationships, diverge by 12 % when using CCMP, ERA or NCEP1. Due to differences in the regional wind patterns, regional discrepancies in F CO 2 are more pronounced than global. These global and regional differences significantly increase when using NCEP2 or other k formulations which include earlier relationships (i.e., Wanninkhof, 1992;Wanninkhof et al., 2009) as well as numerous local and regional parameterizations derived experimentally. To minimize uncertainties associated with the choice of wind product, it is possible to recalculate the coefficient c globally (hereafter called c * ) for a given wind product and its spatiotemporal resolution, in order to match the last evaluation of the global k value. We thus performed these recalculations for each wind product at the resolution and time period of our study but the resulting global F CO 2 estimates still diverge by 10 %. These results also reveal that the Equatorial Pacific, the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean are the regions in which the choice of wind product will most strongly affect the estimation of the F CO 2 , even when using c * .

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“…Secondly the data is consistent with the preliminary data collected in figure 5. It is likely there is some small error in the ppb values given in figure 6, due to a suspected additional uncertainty in the pH measurements used in (3). Finally, the data in fig 6. indicate good reversibility of the NH 3 measurements, with the response returning to an approximate 0 ppb reading after the addition of concentrated acid.…”

Section: B Sensor Technology Characterisation and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In such environments large quantities of CO 2 can be produced and pCO 2 measurement technology can be used to provide timely information for the control of CO 2 removal mechanisms [1]. In oceanography, pCO 2 measurements are essential for determining the magnitude and direction of CO 2 fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere [2][3]. In the future, pCO 2 measurements will be crucial for effective and environmentally sound storage of CO 2 in geological structures under the sea bed [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical gas monitoring in sea water: Robust reliable and highly flexible

Thomas

Pedersen

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et al. 2013

2013 MTS/IEEE OCEANS - Bergen

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This paper describes our progress towards the development of field deployable pCO 2 and NH 3 in water measurement technologies. The fluorescence lifetime based pCO 2 technology described here has a wide dynamic range of 10 2 -5x10 4 microatmospheres and has undergone numerous field trials that indicate suitability to a wide range of short and long term monitoring applications. The spectrophotometric NH 3 technology described is in an earlier stage of development, and the characterization experiments performed to date show that the technology responds reversibly to ammonia concentrations at the low ppb level and could therefore be applicable to a wide range of applications within aquaculture and oceanography. The pCO 2 and NH 3 sensor prototypes used in these investigations are based on the same mechanical platform, that in future could also form the basis for other water quality monitoring technologies.

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Observed carbon dioxide and oxygen dynamics in a Baltic Sea coastal region

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Stramenopiles, Ochrophyta) along a salinity gradient: a case study from the Gulf of Bothnia western shore (northern Europe)

Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Stramenopiles, Ochrophyta) along a salinity gradient: a case study from the Gulf of Bothnia western shore (northern Europe)

Uncertainty in the global oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> uptake induced by wind forcing: quantification and spatial analysis

Optical gas monitoring in sea water: Robust reliable and highly flexible

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Observed carbon dioxide and oxygen dynamics in a Baltic Sea coastal region

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Stramenopiles, Ochrophyta) along a salinity gradient: a case study from the Gulf of Bothnia western shore (northern Europe)

Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Stramenopiles, Ochrophyta) along a salinity gradient: a case study from the Gulf of Bothnia western shore (northern Europe)

Uncertainty in the global oceanic CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; uptake induced by wind forcing: quantification and spatial analysis

Optical gas monitoring in sea water: Robust reliable and highly flexible

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Uncertainty in the global oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> uptake induced by wind forcing: quantification and spatial analysis