Observed Behaviour of a Tunnel in Sand Subjected to Shear Deformation in a Centrifuge

Shibayama, Shuhei; Izawa, Jun; Takahashi, Akihiro; Takemura, Jiro; Kusakabe, Osamu

doi:10.3208/sandf.50.281

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Recently, Shibayama et al (2010) conducted centrifuge experiments on horseshoe-shaped tunnel models by applying cyclic shear deformations on the centrifuge models and measured earth pressures and bending moments around the lining. The tunnel models were statically sheared and therefore theˆndings do not include the eŠects of mass inertia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Depth on the Seismic Response of Square Tunnels

Çilingir

Madabhushi

2011

Soils and Foundations

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Response of tunnels to earthquake induced loads is a complex dynamic soil-structure interaction problem. While there seems to be a general consensus that tunnels in rock perform adequately during earthquake events, the seismic performance of shallow tunnels in soils is less certain. More experimental andˆeld data is needed to better understand the dynamic tunnel-soil interaction. In this paper, the behaviour of relatively shallow tunnels of square cross-section located in a sand deposit is investigated using dynamic centrifuge modelling and complimentary Finite Element analysis. Emphasis is given on the eŠect of tunnel axis depth on the seismic response of square tunnels. Dynamic centrifuge tests were carried out on model tunnels at diŠerent depths of embedment. Accelerations around the tunnel and earth pressures on the linings were measured. Tunnel deformations were also recorded using a fast digital camera. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analyses were conducted to measure soil and lining deformations. Results show that for the cases investigated, the depth of the tunnel does not eŠect the deformation pattern of the tunnel signiˆcantly during an earthquake event; however it aŠects the amount of ampliˆcation of accelerations through the tunnel, the magnitude of dynamic earth pressures and the magnitude of the lining forces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Depth on the Seismic Response of Square Tunnels

Çilingir

Madabhushi

2011

Soils and Foundations

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“…e seismic response of rectangular tunnels has been a subject of in-depth research. A wide range of studies using centrifuge tests [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], shaking table tests [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], and numerical simulations [7,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] have been performed. Previous studies revealed that there is a unique relationship between flexibility ratio (F) and the racking ratio (R), where F is the relative stiffness between the tunnel and the surrounding soil and R is defined as the ratio of the displacement of the tunnel and free-field soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Flexibility Ratio on Seismic Response of Cut‐and‐Cover Box Tunnel

Sadiq

Nguyen

Jung

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Equivalent linear time history analyses are conducted to calculate the seismic response of various types of cut-and-cover single box tunnels. A finite-element numerical model is calibrated against the results of centrifuge tests. The calculated tunnel responses compare favourably with the measurements. A validated model is then used to quantify the seismic response of box tunnels. The flexibility ratio (F) is illustrated to have a governing influence on the tunnel response. It is shown that the previously developed relationship between F and the racking ratio (R) is applicable for a wide range of F up to 20. It is also shown that an increase in F accompanies corresponding increase in R, the spectral acceleration in the tunnel lining, and the shear stress along the tunnel lining-soil interface. The thrust in the tunnel lining is also revealed to increase with F, although the calculated value is significantly lower than the pressure on yielding walls. Additionally, the surface settlement is shown to increase with an increase in F.

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“…Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the seismic response of tunnels considering the dynamic soil-structure interaction, using a 1-g shaking table or centrifuge tests [ 14 , 16 – 26 ] and numerical analyses [ 4 , 14 – 15 , 27 – 38 ]. Most of these studies mainly focused on the tunnels installed in dry sands or liquefiable soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic responses of rectangular subway tunnels in a clayey ground

Zhang

Liu

2018

PLoS ONE

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Observations from past earthquakes have shown that subway tunnels can suffer severe damage or excessive deformation due to seismic shaking. This study presents the results of finite element analyses on subway tunnels installed in normally consolidated clay deposits subjected to far-field ground motions. The clay strata were modelled by a hyperbolic-hysteretic constitutive model. The influences of three factors on the seismic response of the clay-tunnel systems were examined, namely ground motion intensity, tunnel wall thickness and clay stiffness. Furthermore, the computed racking deformations of the tunnel were compared with several analytical estimations from the literature, and the relationship between racking ratio and flexibility ratio for rectangular tunnels installed in normally consolidated clay deposits was proposed. The findings may provide a useful reference for practical seismic design of tunnels.

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Observed Behaviour of a Tunnel in Sand Subjected to Shear Deformation in a Centrifuge

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of Depth on the Seismic Response of Square Tunnels

Effect of Depth on the Seismic Response of Square Tunnels

Effect of Flexibility Ratio on Seismic Response of Cut‐and‐Cover Box Tunnel

Seismic responses of rectangular subway tunnels in a clayey ground

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