Observations Upon the Neurological Mechanism of Optokinetic Nystagmus with Especial Reference to the Contribution of Peripheral Vision

Jd, Hood

doi:10.3109/00016486709128751

Cited by 68 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The results of previous investigations [e.g., Hood, 1967;Dichgans et al, 1973;Cheng and Outerbridge, 1975;Gresty and Halmagyi, 1979;Die and Collewijn, 1982] demonstrating that the peripheral retina has optokinetic properties, are confirmed. In the present study, however, not only a classic but also a paradoxic OKN could be induced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Optokinetic Nystagmus in Patients with Defects of the Central Visual Field

Crevits

Vliet

1986

Eur Neurol

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Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was studied in patients with central visual field defects. Apart from a classic OKN, an inverted nystagmus was observed in some cases. A prerequisite for eliciting this paradoxic OKN was that the attention of the subject was directed to the field defect. Although other factors seem to be co-determining, a central mechanism is thought to process the visual information according to spatial-selective attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Optokinetic Nystagmus in Patients with Defects of the Central Visual Field

Crevits

Vliet

1986

Eur Neurol

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“…This finding may also be interpreted in a sense that optokinetic nystagmus, elicited within this velocity range, must be associated with the "look type' of optokinetic nystagmus. Our findings also confirm the observations of Hood [1967] on the mechanism of optokinetic nystagmus. He found that a normal eye attains a maximal velocity of little more than 40°/sec.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Upon the Correlation between the Optokinetic Stimulus and the Induced Optokinetic Nystagmus

Miyoshi¹,

Pfaltz²

1973

ORL

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Electronystagmographic studies of optokinetic nystagmus in normal individuals, examined under a variety of test conditions, are demonstrating that the characteristics of the induced optokinetic nystagmus are determined by the number and size of optic targets, i.e. optokinetic stimuli. If the number of targets is small, the eye speed of the slow component will increase in accordance with the increment of the target speed, even within a high speed range. However, if a great number of targets is used, the eye speed will be attaining its maximum during the course of acceleration, but as soon as a certain critical value is overstepped, it will begin to decrease gradually. The maximum eye speed of the slow component is found to be decreasing in accordance with the increment of the number of targets. Within the range of slow speed stimulation, an increase of the number of targets will also include an increase of optokinetic nystagmus frequency. Within a high speed range, also frequency will be decreasing if the number of targets is exceeding a critical value. If the target’s size is small, it will act as a single stimulus. If the target’s size is large, it will only act as one stimulus within the range of slow stimulation. However, within a high speed range, apparently, both edges of the target are acting as separate stimuli.

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“…supporting effect of peripheral optokinetic stimula tion upon the induced nystagmus has been discussed by man investi gators [Tkr Braak, 1936;Hood, 1967;Honrubia et al, 1968], The absence or weakness of peripheral optokinetic stimuli, used in a 'Barany'-type stimulation device, may be responsible for the resulting smaller opto kinetic response. We have also been able to confirm the assisting effect of peripheral stimulation under several test conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optokinetic nystagmus could still be induced, even in semidarkness, by a stimulation within a low' velocity range. Hood [1967] used ultraviolet light for illumination in order to exclude foveal vision and he was able to elicit peripheral optokinetic nystagmus without difficulty, using this very special type of liminal illu mination. Optokinetic responses elicited in our test series at a reduced light intensity must be strongly influenced by the peripheral type of opto kinetic nystagmus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Correlation between Optokinetic Stimulus and Induced Nystagmus

Miyoshi¹,

Pfaltz²

1973

ORL

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The influence of the visual fields upon induced optokinetic nystagmus has been studied under varying experimental conditions. The effect of light intensity and of fixation upon stationary targets within the visual fields has been also investigated as well as the difference between foveal and foveo-peripheral opto kinetic nystagmus and the supporting effect of peripheral upon foveal optokinetic nystagmus. The results were analysed not only by using the velocity of the slow component of nystagmus as a parameter, but also by means of the phase-correlation between the eye and target movement. From the results of this study it may be inferred that the width of the visual angle of optokinetic stimulus, studied by means of optokinetic and eye-tracking devices, shows a definite influence upon the induced optokinetic response. In the triangular eye-tracking test, both an overshooting phenomenon and a phase-retardation have been observed. The origin of those phenomena has been attributed to the inertia of the eyeball. Based on those observations, it may be assumed that the width of the visual field is one of the most important factors influencing properties of the optokinetic response.

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Observations Upon the Neurological Mechanism of Optokinetic Nystagmus with Especial Reference to the Contribution of Peripheral Vision

Cited by 68 publications

References 4 publications

Optokinetic Nystagmus in Patients with Defects of the Central Visual Field

Optokinetic Nystagmus in Patients with Defects of the Central Visual Field

Upon the Correlation between the Optokinetic Stimulus and the Induced Optokinetic Nystagmus

Studies on the Correlation between Optokinetic Stimulus and Induced Nystagmus

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