Observations on vortex formation in superfluid 3He

Hakonen, Pertti

doi:10.1016/0921-4526(92)90182-r

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…[28][29][30] versus Refs. [31][32][33][34][35] and remains unresolved experimentally [36][37][38], our expression in Eq. ( 59) reliable in the long-wavelength limit proves to be consistent with the result of Refs.…”

Section: B Current and Orbital Angular Momentummentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-energy effective field theory of superfluid 3He-B and its gyromagnetic and Hall responses

Fujii

Nishida

2018

Annals of Physics

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The low-energy physics of a superfluid 3 He-B is governed by Nambu-Goldstone bosons resulting from its characteristic symmetry breaking pattern. Here we construct an effective field theory at zero temperature consistent with all available symmetries in curved space, which are the U(1) phase × SU(2)spin × SO(3) orbital gauge invariance and the nonrelativistic general coordinate invariance, up to the next-to-leading order in a derivative expansion. The obtained low-energy effective field theory is capable of reproducing gyromagnetic responses of the superfluid 3 He-B, such as a magnetization generated by a rotation and an orbital angular momentum density generated by a magnetic field, in a model-independent and nonperturbative way. We furthermore show that the stress tensor exhibits a dissipationless Hall viscosity with coefficients uniquely fixed by the orbital angular momentum density, which manifests itself as an elliptical polarization of sound wave with an induced transverse component.

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Section: B Current and Orbital Angular Momentummentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-energy effective field theory of superfluid 3He-B and its gyromagnetic and Hall responses

Fujii

Nishida

2018

Annals of Physics

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Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of vortex formation in superfluid3He-B

et al. 1997

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We report on the first comprehensive measurements of critical superJlow velocities in ~He-B which allow diJferent mechanisms of vortex Jormation to be identifi'ed. As a Jimction of temperature T and pressure P, we measure the critical anguhw velocity ~(" T, P) at which vortices start to Jbrm in slowly accelerating rotation in a cylindrical conta#wr fi'llcd with ~He-B. Owing to the long coherence length ~(T, P) ~ 10-100 nm, either trapped remanent vortici O' or #ztrinsie nucleation me O, dominate vortex Jbrmation, depending on the roughness of the contahwr wall and the presence of loaded traps. NMR measurement with a resohztion of one single vortex line allows us to distinguish between diJferent processes: ( 1 ) Three extrinsic mechanisms of vortex Jormation have been observed. One of them is the vortex mill, a continuous periodic source which is activated in a rough-walled container well below the limit Jor intrinsic nuch, ation. (2) In a closed smooth-walled container intrinsic nucleation is the only mechanism available, with a criticalvelocity vJT, P)= g2~(T, P) R, where R is the radius of the container. We find v~(T, P) to be related to the calculated intrinsic stability limit Vcb(T, P) of homogeneous superJlow. The existence of this connection in the form of a scaling law implies that nucleation takes place at an instability, rather than by thermal activation or quantum tunneling which become impossible because of an inaccessibly high energy barrier.

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