Observations on Ureteral Obstruction and Contractility in Man and Dog

Benjamin, John A.; Betheil, Joseph J.; Emmel, Victor M.; Ramsey, George H.; Watson, Jason M.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)66772-7

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This fact has led to a quest for a possible pacemaker site in the region and both physiological and cinefluorographic techniques have been employed. On the basis of such evidence, some workers have considered the pelvicalyceal system to be of importance (Narath, 1951;Morales et a/., 1952;Mitsuya et a/., 1962;Kobayashi, 1964), whilst others.using similar techniques, have localised the " active " site to the pelvi-ureteric junction (Benjamin et a/., 1956;Shiratori and Kinoshita, 1961;Campbell, 1966; Weiss et al, 1967). A number of other factors have been considered in relation to ureteric peristalsis and attempts made to assess their relative importance.…”

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Structural Evidence in Support of an Urinary Tract Pacemaker

Gosling

Dixon

1972

British Journal of Urology

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MUCII has been written on the control of ureteric activity and a review of this literature reveals a confusing, and often conflicting, state of knowledge on the subject. An observation about which there is general agreement, however, is that contraction waves normally begin in the upper part of the urinary tract. This fact has led to a quest for a possible pacemaker site in the region and both physiological and cinefluorographic techniques have been employed. On the basis of such evidence, some workers have considered the pelvicalyceal system to be of importance (Narath, 1951;Morales et a/., 1952;Mitsuya et a/., 1962;Kobayashi, 1964), whilst others.using similar techniques, have localised the " active " site to the pelvi-ureteric junction (Benjamin et a/., 1956;Shiratori and Kinoshita, 1961;Campbell, 1966; Weiss et al., 1967). A number of other factors have been considered in relation to ureteric peristalsis and attempts made to assess their relative importance. In this context, the r61e played by autonomic nerves has been extensively studied and has proved particularly difficult to establish. This is not unexpected when one considers the widely differing reports on the structural arrangement of nerves in the urinary tract. Thus some observers (Duarte-Escalante et a/., 1969; El-Badawi and Schenk, 1969) have described ganglion cells widely distributed in the upper ureter, whilst others (Notley, 1968;Gosling, 1970~) believe that nerve cell bodies are absent from this region. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that the responses of the ureter to neuropharmacological experimentation are interpreted differently by different workers.Strong evidence in support of a region acting as a pacemaker is that of relevant structural specialisation confined to that area. In the case of the urinary tract such " relevant specialisation " might be expected to involve either smooth muscle, or nerves, or both. Recently, anatomical (Gosling, 1970h; Gosling and Dixon, 1971) and pharmacological (Gosling and Waas, 1971) evidence of this kind has been reported, which indicates that the pelvicalyceal portion of the urinary tract acts as a pacemaker in the rabbit, rat and guinea-pig. These species possess a single calyx in direct continuity with the renal pelvis and anatomical evidence is lacking for a specialised arrangement in multicalyceal systems. With this in mind, the present study has re-examined the multicalyceal urinary tract of the pig and human using light and electron microscopic techniques.Materials and Methods.-Normal human material was obtained either post-operatively from 5 nephrectomy specimens removed for renal neoplasia or from post-mortem preparations (10 specimens) provided the latter were obtained within 12 hours of death. Fresh pig tissues (7 specimens) were obtained from recently slaughtered animals. In all cases, portions of the minor calyces and adjacent renal parenchyma, major calyces, renal pelvis, pelvi-ureteric region and upper ureter were rapidly removed and processed either for light or electron microscopy.L...

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confidence: 99%

“…using similar techniques, have localised the " active " site to the pelvi-ureteric junction (Benjamin et a/., 1956;Shiratori and Kinoshita, 1961;Campbell, 1966; Weiss et al, 1967). A number of other factors have been considered in relation to ureteric peristalsis and attempts made to assess their relative importance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural Evidence in Support of an Urinary Tract Pacemaker

Gosling

Dixon

1972

British Journal of Urology

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“…The previous methods of incomplete ureteral obstruc tion for creating a moderate unilateral hydronephrosis in dog are: (1) incomplete ligation of the ureter [2][3][4][5]; (2) compression by periureteral prosthesis [6][7][8], and (3) ureteral embedding into psoas muscle [9][10][11][12], How ever, neither of these methods proved to be satisfactory in our previous experiment using 14 canine ureters [13]. Current study was motivated by our need for such dogs with a moderate unilateral hydronephrosis persisting for a considerably long period and being reversible by sim ple release of the ureteral obstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few experiments have been reported about reversible hydronephrosis in dogs [2,6,9], However, they proved to not always be successful because of technical difficul ties or irreversible changes of the ureter. On the contrary, release of the obstruction in our model can easily be achieved by mere extraction of the obturator from the ureter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Incomplete Obstruction of the Ureter: A New Experimental Model

Masui¹,

Hiratsuka²,

Ariyoshi³

et al. 1986

Urol Int

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To produce a chronic moderate hydronephrosis in dog, a method of partial ureteral occlusion using a specially designed polypropylene obturator was developed. In 11 of 14 dogs undergoing this procedure, excretory urography constantly revealed a moderate degree of hydronephrosis persisting for 7 weeks. Combination of this method in one ureter with the vaginal-cuff cutaneous ureterostomy, previously reported, in the contralateral ureter is a useful model for split renal function study of unilateral chronic hydronephrosis or obstructive nephropathy analogous to that of clinical case.

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“…The animal models with the ureteral obstruction have been developed for various studies of the dilated ureter (Benjamin et al 1956;Hausman et al 1974;Rose et al 1975;Lockhart et al 1982), and the resultant dilatation obtained from these models were approximately 2.5 times greater than the normal size. However, more dilated ureters are frequently encountered in clinical urology.…”

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confidence: 99%