Observations on the Root Anatomy of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Clark, Lisa H.; Harris, William H.

doi:10.2307/2442846

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The ROL barrier may be constitutively produced in some plant species (Visser et al 2000) but induced under stagnant, deoxygenated conditions in others (Colmer 2003;Insalud et al 2006; but see McDonald et al 2002). How the barrier to ROL actually forms is not known but in rice plants a layer of sclerenchymatous fibres with thick secondary walls on the external side of the cortex forms (Clark and Harris 1981), which may, together with adjacent cell layers, become impregnated with phenolic compounds or lipid complexes to form a barrier to ROL (Insalud et al 2006).…”

Section: Soil Aeration and Aerenchyma Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant root growth, architecture and function

Hodge¹,

Berta²,

Doussan³

et al. 2009

Plant Soil

612

400

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Without roots there would be no rhizosphere and no rhizodeposition to fuel microbial activity. Although micro-organisms may view roots merely as a source of carbon supply this belies the fascinating complexity and diversity of root systems that occurs despite their common function. Here, we examine the physiological and genetic determinants of root growth and the complex, yet varied and flexible, root architecture that results. The main functions of root systems are also explored including how roots cope with nutrient acquisition from the heterogeneous soil environment and their ability to form mutualistic associations with key soil microorganisms (such as nitrogen fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi) to aid them in their quest for nutrients. Finally, some key biotic and abiotic constraints on root development and function in the soil environment are examined and some of the adaptations roots have evolved to counter such stresses discussed.Keywords Root systems . Auxin . Root architecture . Soil heterogeneity . Abiotic and biotic stresses . Soil micro-organisms (including nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi)Physiological and genetic determinants of root growth and achitecture A major difference between plant and animal development is that positional information rather than cell lineage determines cell fate in plants (Singh and Bhalla 2006). Post-embryonically, plant development is essentially driven by stem cells localized in apical regions of shoots and roots, and referred to as apical meristems. This particular characteristic allows plants, Plant Soil (

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Section: Soil Aeration and Aerenchyma Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of a barrier to ROL may also be expected to interfere with nutrient uptake and translocation of water and ions (Clark and Harris 1981). Evidence suggests however, that the barrier to ROL does not affect root hydraulic conductivity i.e.…”

Section: Consequences For Nutrient Uptake In Oxygen-deficient Environmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant root growth, architecture and function

Hodge¹,

Berta²,

Doussan³

et al. 2009

Plant Soil

612

400

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“…1 ). This anatomical feature is known to occur in O. sativa and Z. mays ( Clark and Harris, 1981 ; Wang et al , 1995 ). Ions unable to traverse cell membranes should be efficiently blocked by the cell-wall-modifying structures of the multiseriate exodermis ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Permeability of Iris germanica’s multiseriate exodermis to water, NaCl, and ethanol

Meyer

Peterson

Steudle

2010

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The exodermis of Iris germanica roots is multiseriate. Its outermost layer matures first with typical Casparian bands and suberin lamellae. But as subsequent layers mature, the Casparian band extends into the tangential and anticlinal walls of their cells. Compared with roots in which the endodermis represents the major transport barrier, the multiseriate exodermis (MEX) was expected to reduce markedly radial water and solute transport. To test this idea, precocious maturation of the exodermis was induced with a humid air gap inside a hydroponic chamber. Hydraulic conductivity (Lppc) was measured on completely submerged roots (with an immature exodermis) and on air-gap-exposed root regions (with two mature exodermal layers) using a pressure chamber. Compared with regions of roots with no mature exodermal layers, the mature MEX reduced Lppc from 8.5×10−8 to 3.9×10−8 m s−1 MPa−1. Puncturing the MEX increased Lppc to 19×10−8 m s−1 MPa−1, indicating that this layer constituted a substantial hydraulic resistance within the root (75% of the total). Alternatively, a root pressure probe was used to produce pressure transients from which hydraulic conductivity was determined, but this device measured mainly flow through the endodermis in these wide-diameter roots. The permeability of roots to NaCl and ethanol was also reduced in the presence of two mature MEX layers. The data are discussed in terms of the validity of current root models and in terms of a potential role for I. germanica MEX during conditions of drought and salt stress.

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“…Rice roots develop aerenchyma extensively in the cortex (Clark and Harris [ 1981 ]) and, after its formation, only several cell layers are left intact in the OPR. These cell layers in the OPR are composed of cortical cell layers that appear to be unmodified, sclerenchyma, exodermis, and rhizodermis from the inside to the outside (Clark and Harris [ 1981 ]) (Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity tolerance mechanisms in glycophytes: An overview with the central focus on rice plants

Horie

Karahara

Katsuhara

2012

Rice

330

183

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Elevated Na+ levels in agricultural lands are increasingly becoming a serious threat to the world agriculture. Plants suffer osmotic and ionic stress under high salinity due to the salts accumulated at the outside of roots and those accumulated at the inside of the plant cells, respectively. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants have been extensively studied and in the recent years these studies focus on the function of key enzymes and plant morphological traits. Here, we provide an updated overview of salt tolerant mechanisms in glycophytes with a particular interest in rice (Oryza sativa) plants. Protective mechanisms that prevent water loss due to the increased osmotic pressure, the development of Na+ toxicity on essential cellular metabolisms, and the movement of ions via the apoplastic pathway (i.e. apoplastic barriers) are described here in detail.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1939-8433-5-11) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Observations on the Root Anatomy of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Plant root growth, architecture and function

Plant root growth, architecture and function

Permeability of Iris germanica’s multiseriate exodermis to water, NaCl, and ethanol

Salinity tolerance mechanisms in glycophytes: An overview with the central focus on rice plants

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