Observations on the reproduction of female wild and park Fallow deer (<i>Dama dama</i>) in southern England

Armstrong, N.; Chaplin, Raymond E.; Chapman, D. I.; Smith, Brett

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb04964.x

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Calves are born in May or June and are weaned after seven to nine months. Yearling females can be pregnant as most females give birth to their first calf in their second year of life [ 34 , 35 ]. Being an intermediate feeder [ 36 ], Fallow deer is an ideal model species for this study as its browsing behaviour might compensate for the low amount of trace elements in the average vegetation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionomic Variation Among Tissues in Fallow Deer (Dama dama) by Sex and Age

Wenting,

Siepel,

Christerus

et al. 2023

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Abstract(1) In mammals, the mineral nutrient and trace elemental composition of the body - the ionome - differs among individuals. It has been hypothesized that these differences may be related to age and sex, both for ecotoxic and essential elements. (2) We investigated whether and how intraspecific ionomic variation is related to age and sex in Fallow deer (Dama dama). We tested the predictions that concentrations of ecotoxic elements increase with age, that ionomic variation is lower among young individuals than among older individuals, and that reproductive females (does) have the lowest concentrations of essential elements. (3) Culled animals of different sex and age were obtained from a single protected area. The animals were dissected to collect 13 tissues, and concentrations of 22 different elements were measured in a sample of each tissue. (4) We described substantial ionomic variation between individuals. Some of this variation was related to age and sex, as predicted. Based on the limited existing knowledge on chemical element allocation and metabolism in the body, sex-related differences were more difficult to interpret than age-related differences. Since reference values are absent, we could not judge about the consequences of the elemental values that we found. (5) More extensive ionomic surveys, based on a wide range of elements and tissues, are needed to enlarge the understanding of within-species ionomic variation and potential biological, ecological, and metabolic consequences.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionomic Variation Among Tissues in Fallow Deer (Dama dama) by Sex and Age

Wenting,

Siepel,

Christerus

et al. 2023

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…Therefore, they are typically determined by using fetal age, which is normally estimated by fetal weight in animals such as red deer (Cervus elaphus) [12], fallow deer (Dama dama) [13,14] and various other mammals [15]. Likewise, an equation is also available for estimation of fetal age from fetal body weight in Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Fetal Age Estimation of Hokkaido Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) Using Ultrasonography During Early Pregnancy

Yanagawa

Matsuura

Suzuki

et al. 2009

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. In sika deer, the normal method of estimating fetal age, based on fetal weight, is not applicable during the early pregnancy period. The objective of the present study was to describe the growth and development of sika deer fetuses and to establish a method for fetal age estimation during early pregnancy using ultrasonography. Five captive female Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) were observed for estrus and mated (day 0) with an intact male. At two-or three-day intervals, fetuses were observed by rectal ultrasonographic scans until 59-61 days of gestation. The straight crown-rump length (SCRL), curved crown-rump length (CCRL), head length (HL), trunk depth (TD) and heart rate (HR) of the fetuses were measured. Linear regression equations were computed for each measurement together with fetal age. Analyses were conducted after transformation to a natural logarithm for SCRL and CCRL. All equations were significant (P<0.001), with SCRL becoming measurable earlier (day 20) than the others and yielding the best correlation (Days= -2.08+14.15 LnX: X=SCRL, Ln=natural logarithm). Therefore, we concluded that a precise estimation of fetal age in early gestation is best performed using SCRL measurements. Key words: Fetal age estimation, Fetal development, Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis), Ultrasonography (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [143][144][145][146][147][148] 2009) easonal breeding is a common feature among cervid species in temperate regions. As they are short-day breeders, they mate in autumn [1,2] and fawn in early summer [3] in Japan. However, a previous study [4] indicated that conception is delayed in young and old females and that lactating adults are likely to conceive later than non-lactating adults. It is also known that delayed conception results in delayed fawning [2]. Delayed fawning negatively influences calf survival and the female's reproductive success since it is difficult for a fawn born late to attain a sufficient nutritional condition to survive the winter due to food limitations and females that deliver late sometimes fail to conceive in the following mating season [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Furthermore, conception may be influenced by the conditions of the population and habitat since conception delayed in females in poor nutritional condition [11] resulting from poor food resources. Therefore, precise estimation of the conception date allows estimation of the population and habitat quality for this species. It also advances the physiological researches by using both live animals and carcasses obtained in the wild.In free-ranging animals, including cervid species, it is impossible to pinpoint exact conception dates by field observations alone. Therefore, they are typically determined by using fetal age, which is normally estimated by fetal weight in animals such as red deer (Cervus elaphus) [12], fallow deer (Dama dama) [13,14] and various other mammals [15]. Likewise, an equation is also available for estimation of fetal age from fetal body weight in Hokkaido sika deer (C...

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“…Both CH and CL indicated stages of a normal oestrus cycle. Attainment of puberty and the determination that they were reproductively active was inferred from the presence of these structures on one or both ovaries (Armstrong et al 1969). Fertility was determined by either the presence of a foetus or evidence of lactation or both.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimations of gestational age were made from measurements of foetal weights, and foetal crown to rump lengths used elsewhere to calculate gestational ages for sika deer (Cervus nippon) (Suzuki et al 1996), fallow deer (Dama dama) (Armstrong et al 1969) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (Short 1970). The relationships between crown rump length and foetal weight to gestational age assumed in these studies were verified in studies by Hamilton (1985) by measuring foetuses from white-tailed deer necropsied at known intervals following mating.…”

Section: Aging Foetusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How nutrition influences the distribution and abundance of chital deer (Axis axis) in northern Queensland

Watter¹

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Chital deer (Axis axis) have been present in the Burdekin district of northern Queensland for more than 130 years, but increases in abundance and distribution have been modest compared with other species of deer introduced to Australia. This population, originating from four founder animals in 1886, had grown to approximately 32,000 by 2014, located within about 100 km of their original release. Within this range chital are patchily distributed in the landscape, with localised densities of > 170/km 2 within a broader environment where their density is very low (< 1.5/km 2 ). The tropical environment is highly seasonal in terms of rainfall and forage resources with annual nutritional bottlenecks as well as forage shortfalls due to multi-year droughts. The annual rate of increase in chital abundance of < 7% suggests a suboptimal match between the introduced species and its new environment, which is the tenet of this study. The specific research questions addressed in this thesis were:

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Observations on the reproduction of female wild and park Fallow deer (Dama dama) in southern England

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Ionomic Variation Among Tissues in Fallow Deer (Dama dama) by Sex and Age

Ionomic Variation Among Tissues in Fallow Deer (Dama dama) by Sex and Age

Fetal Age Estimation of Hokkaido Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) Using Ultrasonography During Early Pregnancy

How nutrition influences the distribution and abundance of chital deer (Axis axis) in northern Queensland

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