Observations on the phylogeny of the cestode order Pseudophyllidea Carus, 1863

Abstract

A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Pseudophyllidea, based on the 16 type-genera of putative families, indicates that a division into two suborders is reasonable. The subordinal grouping are, on the whole, congruent with those suggested by earlier workers, but the positions of three genera, Hexagonoporus, Cephalochlamys and Parabothriocephalus, are somewhat anomalous with respect to earlier work.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative karyological analysis of three species of Bothriocephalus Rudolphi 1808 (Cestoda:Pseudophyllidea) from Schizothorax species of Kashmir valley

“…Yet the available data indicate certain points of interest. Karyological results are entirely congruent with present phylogenies based on molecular and morphological studies in that the diphyllobothriids form a distinct clade within the Pseudophyllidea (Mariaux 1998;Bray et al 1999;Kodedova et al 2000). All of the diphyllobothriids studied (Diphyllobothrium, Ligula, Schistocephalus, Spirometra) show close karyological affinities in having the same chromosome number (2n = 18 or 3n = 27); only minor differences exist in the relative lengths of the corresponding chromosomes (for a review see Petkeviciute 1996).…”

Molecular characterization of the Indian poultry nodular tapeworm, Raillietina echinobothrida (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Davaineidae) based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 region

“…Because of its fast rate of evolution the ITS2 region continues to be applied for phylogenetic reconstructions at the species and genus levels (Alvarez and Wendel 2003;Wolf et al 2005;Ashokan and Pillai 2008). In context of the cestode group of parasites the orders Cyclophyllidea, Pseudophyllidea, Caryophyllidea and Trypanorhyncha have been assessed on the basis of morphological, ultrastructural and ontogenetic characters (Hoberg et al 1997(Hoberg et al , 2001Beveridge et al 1999;Bray et al 1999) and several controversial phylogenetic disputes of cestode parasites have been published (Haukisalmi et al 2001;Literak et al 2006). Since in contrast to the bordering regions of ribosomal subunits; sequence is not conserved evolutionarily, thus genetic differentiation is detectable even in closely related groups of organisms.…”

“…Members of the genus Raillietina Megnin, 1881 are obligate, widely-dispersed cestode parasites of avian and mammalian hosts and display a wide range of body forms, life histories, and host associations. Of these, R. echinobothrida is amongst the most prevalent pathogenic cestode parasites of birds throughout the world (Schmidt 1986;Khalil et al 1994;Mariaux 1996Mariaux , 1998Hoberg et al 1997Hoberg et al , 1999 and earns the distinction of being the second most prevalent helminth recorded from the domestic fowl in north-east India (Yadav and Tandon 1991). The adult tapeworm is found in the intestinal lumen of its definitive host, Gallus domesticus and causes characteristic hyperplastic enteritis associated with the formation of granuloma on the intestinal wall of the infected birds (Soulsby 1982), whereas the larval stage resides in various tissues of the insect intermediate host, Tetramorium spp.…”

Loose Shell Syndrome (LSS) in Litopenaeus vannamei grow-out Ponds and its Effect on Growth and Production

“…vannamei is a euryhaline species it can tolerate the wide range of salinity between 2 and 45 ppt [5][6][7] reported maximal growth between 5-15 ppt and least growth was reported at 49 ppt. In the present study the salinity fluctuation was not much.…”