Observations on the peritoneum as an absorbing surface

Robinson, Sam

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(62)90578-1

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The lymphatic drainage it thought to occur through stomata in the areas of absent basement membrane in the diaphragm, but the presence of this communication is disputed (11,15) . Peritoneum may be also considered a bidirectionally semipermeable membrane with high absorptive capacity (16) . Under normal circumstances, only less than 100 ml of fluid is present in the peritoneal cavity (17) .…”

Section: Physiology Of the Peritoneummentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of the peritoneal cavity: Relevance for host-tumor relation

Melichar

Freedman

2002

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

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The peritoneal membrane, formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells, lines the largest cavity of the human body. Anatomic structures of the peritoneal cavity, along with resident leukocyte populations, play an important role in the defense against microorganisms invading by breaching the gut integrity or ascending through the female genital tract. Local immune mechanisms in the peritoneal cavity are also important in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and in women with endometriosis. There is now extensive evidence demonstrating the significance of peritoneal immune mechanisms in the control of metastatic spread. Leukocytes belonging to both the innate and adaptive immune systems are present in the peritoneal cavity of normal subjects as well as in patients with intra-abdominal cancer. There is now increased understanding of the mechanisms that not only allow the tumor cells to escape the detection and destruction by the host immune system, but also to use the inflammatory mechanisms to promote tumor growth and spread inside the peritoneal cavity. Malignant ascites represents a model for the study of the interaction between tumor cells and the host immune system as well for the analysis of the tumor microenviroment. The peritoneal immune system may be stimulated by intraperitoneal administration of biologic agents. This peritoneal immunotherapy may be used for palliation of malignant ascites, or as a consolidation strategy in patients with minimal residual disease.

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Section: Physiology Of the Peritoneummentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of the peritoneal cavity: Relevance for host-tumor relation

Melichar

Freedman

2002

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

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“…For instance, if there is any effect, is it dose dependent? Is there an increased risk without renal insufficiency [80,81]. Mild abdominal pain [71,72] iron dextran 1000 mg single bolus infusion…”

Section: Is Intraperitoneal Iron Administration Safe Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron status and iron supplementation in peritoneal dialysis patients

Vychytil¹,

Haag–Weber²

1999

Kidney International

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Iron status and iron supplementation in peritoneal dialysisextent of iron loss and therefore a lower incidence of patients. Iron deficiency represents an important problem in iron deficiency during peritoneal dialysis treatment may peritoneal dialysis patients, especially during erythropoietin be one reason for the reported differences [8, 9]. Hocken therapy. A combination of serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and Marwah found a mean blood loss into the dialyzer and/or the percentage of hypochromic red cells should be used of 9 ml per hemodialysis treatment, resulting in a total to assess iron status in peritoneal dialysis patients. Primarily, oral iron supplementation should be the preferred therapy. blood loss of 1400 ml per year [10]. Furthermore, blood However, most of the studies using oral substitution in erythroloss for laboratory investigations was 1.14 to 3.22 liter/ poietin-treated peritoneal dialysis patients show a progressive year for center-treated hemodialysis patients, but was decline of serum ferritin. Therefore, parenteral iron suppleonly 0.17 liter/year for home-treated hemodialysis pamentation is required in part of the patients, and the intravenous route should be preferred in these cases. Intravenous iron tients. The reported blood losses correspond to a loss of therapy is recommended if serum ferritin falls below 100 g/ elemental iron of up to 830 mg/year in hemodialysis liter and should be stopped if the serum ferritin level is more patients not receiving erythropoietin therapy. Milman than 650 g/liter. The optimal form of intravenous iron suppleestimated an iatrogenic blood loss of 150 to 200 ml per mentation is still unclear. Injections once to three times per month for hemodialysis patients, as compared with only week restrict the patients' flexibility, but application of higher doses in longer intervals may lead to an impairment of neutro-30 to 60 ml/month for peritoneal dialysis patients [11].phil functions, probably connected to a higher risk of infection.Despite the lesser extent of blood loss, there is much We treated 17 stable peritoneal dialysis patients with 100 or evidence from clinical experience that iron deficiency 200 mg iron saccharate monthly over a period of six months also plays a main role in peritoneal dialysis patients. In and found an increase of transferrin saturation (from 12.1 Ϯ 1.6 a study published by Blumberg, Marti and Graber, eight to 20.9 Ϯ 2.4%, P ϭ 0.026), serum ferritin (from 100.4 Ϯ 32.0 to 372.4 Ϯ 54.6 g/liter, NS) and hematocrit (from 32.0 Ϯ 0.8% of 20 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) to 35.1 Ϯ 0.9%, P ϭ 0.099). The required erythropoietin dosage patients receiving neither iron nor erythropoietin supplecould be reduced significantly (from 148.4 Ϯ 30.3 to 69.4 Ϯ mentation had diminished bone marrow iron stores [2].19.5 U/kg/week, P ϭ 0.025). Side effects occurred in 0.9% after Another study of non-erythropoietin-treated peritoneal application of 100 mg and in 5.9% after injection of 200 mg iron saccharate. The incidence of catheter...

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“…The diaphragmatic lymph vessels are of utrnost importance in transperitoneal transfer (13). Most of U1e lympha- (15,17). A continuous basal membrane is missing in U1e area of U1ese stomata alIowing a relatively free but unidirectional transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pharmacological Effect of Sodium Phosphate After Absorption from the Peritoneal Cavity

Lochbühler

Sachs²,

Raute-Kreinsen³

1995

Eur J Pediatr Surg

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Hyperosmolar solutions are frequently used in clinical practice for enemas. In a review of the literature we found 43 published cases of severe complications connected with the use of hyperosmolar enemas. The absorption of sodium phosphate led to a raise of the temperature up to 41.1 degrees C, massive acidosis and electrolyte disturbances with hypocalcemia and hypernatremia. The clinical picture was dominated in most of the cases by somnolence or coma. In our experiment the absorption of sodium phosphate from the peritoneal cavity of rats led to similar clinical symptoms and--depending on the amount of sodium phosphate absorbed--to the death of the animals. Hypovolemia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia and a direct toxic effect of phosphate on the kidneys is responsible for the complex mode of intoxication. Sodium phosphate solutions should not be used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with a high risk of laceration of the mucosa or perforation of the bowel.

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Observations on the peritoneum as an absorbing surface

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Immunology of the peritoneal cavity: Relevance for host-tumor relation

Immunology of the peritoneal cavity: Relevance for host-tumor relation

Iron status and iron supplementation in peritoneal dialysis patients

The Pharmacological Effect of Sodium Phosphate After Absorption from the Peritoneal Cavity

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