Observations on the pathology and histology of grass sickness in horses

Holman, H.H.; Gordon, W. S.; Pattison, I.H.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(44)80011-x

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Rolling and increased recumbency, which are common in GS cases, may lead to muscle damage that would increase AST levels. Skeletal muscle wasting is a prominent feature in CGS cases and a few cases of haemorrhagic damage to the myocardium of GS cases have been described (Holman et al., 1944; Whitwell, 1997). However, we found no evidence of elevated muscle‐specific creatine kinase in serum (unpublished observations).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-mortem investigations of GS cases have indicated pathological changes in other organs, for example, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, lungs and heart (Holman et al, 1944;Obel, 1955;Whitwell, 1997). Of particular interest, the liver of GS cases shows abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of particular interest, the liver of GS cases shows abnormalities. For example, Holman et al (1944) found parenchymatous degeneration, fatty in®ltration, hyperaemia and cellular in®ltration in the periportal (sinusoidal) spaces. Obel (1955) reported that in acute cases, there was generally an irregularly distributed, simple fatty in®ltration in the liver, while in chronic cases there was usually a slight perilobular in®ltration of lymphocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of particular interest, the liver of GS cases shows abnormalities. For example, Holman et al. (1944) found parenchymatous degeneration, fatty infiltration, hyperaemia and cellular infiltration in the periportal (sinusoidal) spaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver and Biliary System Pathology in Equine Dysautonomia (Grass Sickness)

Marrs

Small

Milne

et al. 2001

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Hepatocellular and hepatobiliary damage was assessed in equine acute, subacute and chronic grass sickness cases (AGS, SAGS, CGS). Histopathological analysis showed that even in some early AGS cases enlarged hepatocytes, hepatocyte vacuolation indicative of lipid accumulation (steatosis), intrahepatocyte, canalicular and periportal deposition of pigments, frequent leucocyte infiltration and cholangitis occurred. Analysis of serum indicated significantly increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin in all groups and conjugated bilirubin in AGS and SAGS groups, increased levels of bile acids in some individuals from each group and significantly increased levels of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) in AGS and SAGS cases. Conjugated bilirubin was significantly elevated in urine of AGS and SAGS cases. The evidence suggests that abnormal liver function involving moderate hepatocellular pathology in conjunction with steatosis and cholestasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of GS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver and Biliary System Pathology in Equine Dysautonomia (Grass Sickness)

Marrs

Small

Milne

et al. 2001

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…However, few studies of the pathology of the condition have included the heart. Foci of myocarditis were found in one case (Obel 1955) and slight oedema of the myocardium was recorded in two cases (Holman and others 1974). Histopathological changes typical of those observed in other autonomic ganglia are found in the cervical, thoracic, cervicothoracic and vertebral ganglia, the sites of synapse of cardiac sympathetic preganglionic neurons (Gilmour 1973).…”

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confidence: 96%

Functional and histopathological evidence of cardiac parasympathetic dysautonomia in equine grass sickness

Perkins

Bowen²,

Else³

et al. 2000

Veterinary Record

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The parasympathetic terminal cardiac ganglia were examined in three normal horses and in five horses with grass sickness. Histopathological changes, consistent with those observed in other ganglia of horses with grass sickness, were identified in the terminal cardiac ganglia of the affected horses. A functional analysis of cardiac autonomic control by time domain analysis (TDA) of heart rate variability was applied to eight horses with grass sickness, and double-paired to 16 normal horses on the basis of their age, sex and breed, and the time of day at which the electrocardiographs were obtained. There were statistically significant differences between the normal and the affected horses in terms of the triangular index (P=0.01), a geometric method of TDA, the sNN100 index (P=0.009), a statistical method of TDA, and the R to R interval (P<0.0005). These results indicate that there is a pathological and functional parasympathetic decentralisation to the heart in equine grass sickness.

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Ultrastructural observations on neurons of the sympathetic ganglia in grass sickness

Chandler¹,

Brownlee²

1967

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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Observations on the pathology and histology of grass sickness in horses

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Liver and Biliary System Pathology in Equine Dysautonomia (Grass Sickness)

Liver and Biliary System Pathology in Equine Dysautonomia (Grass Sickness)

Functional and histopathological evidence of cardiac parasympathetic dysautonomia in equine grass sickness

Ultrastructural observations on neurons of the sympathetic ganglia in grass sickness

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