Observations on the Occurrence of Icterus in Brazil Following Vaccination Against Yellow Fever1

Fox, John P.; Manso, Caio; Penna, H. A.; Pará, Madureira

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118810

Cited by 38 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The incidence of hepatitis after transfusion in children under 5, therefore, is considerably less than in higher age groups. Similar findings were reported by Fox et al (1942) and by Oliphant et al (1943) in their yellow fever vaccine investigations, and Neefe and Stokes (1945) stressed the relative resistance of children under 5 years to homologous serum hepatitis and to infective hepatitis. Mortality…”

Section: Lectlurer In Forensic 'Medicine London Hospitalsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Homologous Serum Hepatitis and Measles Prophylaxis

Wc¹,

Ja²,

Ra³

et al. 1951

BMJ

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Section: Lectlurer In Forensic 'Medicine London Hospitalsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Findlay andMacCallum (1937, 1938) described cases due to the use of small amounts of human serum in yellow fever vaccfne, and outbreaks due to the same cause were noted by Fox et al (1942) in Brazil. Beeson et al (1944) reported 101 cases in 266 soldiers inoculated with mumps convalescent serum.…”

Section: Lectlurer In Forensic 'Medicine London Hospitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homologous Serum Hepatitis and Measles Prophylaxis

Wc¹,

Ja²,

Ra³

et al. 1951

BMJ

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“…The shorter incubation period directly concerns the relation of this disease to infective hepatitis. The possible etiologic identity of these diseases has been discussed repeatedly (33,37,38) but no conclusions have yet been reached. In this regard, the 2 alleged forms of infective hepatitis must be briefly mentioned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis Due to the Injection of Homologous Blood Products in Human Volunteers 1

Neefe¹,

Stokes²,

Reinhold³

et al. 1944

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…In 1937, Findlay and MacCallum reported cases of acute hepatitis in persons who received 17D vaccine [74]. Cases were also reported in Brazil during the vaccination campaigns between 1938 and 1940 and, after careful study, were attributed to an adventitious agent in the vaccine rather than to hepatitis caused by 17D virus [75]. In 1942 a large epidemic of jaundice occurred in US military personnel who had received 17D vaccine, with 28,000 cases and 62 deaths [76].…”

Section: Adventitious Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical Live Viral Vaccines

Thomas¹

2010

Replicating Vaccines

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Classical, live viral vaccines have been developed by adapting viruses by serial passages in animals, tissue or cell cultures during which multiple mutations in the viral genome have accumulated. The majority of vaccines in use today were developed in this way and a number of similar investigational vaccines are currently in development. The principal advantage of live vaccines is that they mimic natural infection and induce durable immunity, including cytotoxic T cell responses that are not generated by soluble proteins and inactivated vaccines. Recent studies of gene activation following a live vaccine (yellow fever 17D) have shed light on the role of innate immune responses in provoking strong, polyfunctional adaptive immunity following the administration of live vaccines. The principal disadvantage of live vaccines is that, occasionally, infection caused by the live vaccine causes adverse events resembling the parental (virulent) virus. Such events can be due to reversions in critical attenuating mutations or to host-specific susceptibility factors. The attenuating mutations in live vaccines increase the inapparent: apparent infection ratio compared to the parental virus, but overt infection (adverse events) while far less frequent than in natural infection can still occur. This problem is inconsequential for infections that are typically mild or self-limited, such as measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella, but can be devastating for infections that are frequently lethal such as yellow fever or in individuals who are immunocompromised. Despite these issues, live vaccines have had dramatic benefits in reducing the incidence of the most important infections of humankind, and in one case (smallpox) a live vaccine helped eradicate a viral disease.

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Observations on the Occurrence of Icterus in Brazil Following Vaccination Against Yellow Fever1

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Homologous Serum Hepatitis and Measles Prophylaxis

Homologous Serum Hepatitis and Measles Prophylaxis

Hepatitis Due to the Injection of Homologous Blood Products in Human Volunteers 1

Classical Live Viral Vaccines

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