Observations on the Medicinal Properties of the Cannabis Sativa of India

Clendinning, John

doi:10.1177/095952874302600116

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The oldest sample of paper known to archeology dates to the early Han dynasty of China approximately 100 BC and is made of hemp, a non-psychoactive member of the cannabis genus (Li, 1974). Throughout the ages, cannabis has held a prominent role in the medicine of cultures as diverse as ancient China, ancient Greece and Victorian England (Clendinning 1843; Mikuriya, 1973; Russo, 1998). Cannabis as a psychoactive drug has played a prominent role in the religious and ceremonial life of many peoples both past and present, including recognition as a sacred plant in Hindu scripture dating back more than 3,000 years (Touw, 1981), and religious use in Jamaican Rastafari since the 1930s (Semaj, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review.

Garcia-Romeu

Kersgaard

Addy³

2016

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

146

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Hallucinogens fall into several different classes, as broadly defined by pharmacological mechanism of action, and chemical structure. These include psychedelics, entactogens, dissociatives, and other atypical hallucinogens. Although these classes do not share a common primary mechanism of action, they do exhibit important similarities in their ability to occasion temporary but profound alterations of consciousness, involving acute changes in somatic, perceptual, cognitive, and affective processes. Such effects likely contribute to their recreational use. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that these drugs may have therapeutic applications beyond their potential for abuse. This review will present data on several classes of hallucinogens with a particular focus on psychedelics, entactogens, and dissociatives, for which clinical utility has been most extensively documented. Information on each class is presented in turn, tracing relevant historical insights, highlighting similarities and differences between the classes from the molecular to the behavioral level, and presenting the most up-to-date information on clinically oriented research with these substances, with important ramifications for their potential therapeutic value.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review.

Garcia-Romeu

Kersgaard

Addy³

2016

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

146

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“…There are ample references, however, to the use of cannabis as a substitute for opiates (Birch 1889) and as a treatment for delirium tremens (Clendinning 1843;Moreau 1845), which were among the first uses by European physicians. The 1873 Indian Government Finance Department Resolution recommended against suppressing cannabis use for fear that people (p. 1395) "would in all probability have recourse to some other stimulant such as alcohol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis as a Substitute for Alcohol: A Harm-Reduction Approach

Mikuriya

2004

Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics

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ABSTRACT. Ninety-two Northern Californians who use cannabis as an alternative to alcohol obtained letters of approval from the author. Their records were reviewed to determine characteristics of the cohort and efficacy of the treatment, which was defined as reduced harm to the patient. All patients reported benefit, indicating that for at least a subset of alcoholics, cannabis use is associated with reduced drinking. The cost of alcoholism to individual patients and society at large warrants testing of the cannabis-substitution approach and study of the drug-of-choice phenomenon.

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“…He was a physician and scientist who graduated from the University of Edinburgh, and a professor of chemistry at the Medical College of Calcutta . Dr. Clendinning in London was one of the first Western physicians to treat migraine with cannabis in the 1840s, and another London physician, Dr. R. Greene, was recommending daily doses of cannabis for the prophylaxis of migraine in 1872 …”

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confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] He was a physician and scientist who graduated from the University of Edinburgh, and a professor of chemistry at the Medical College of Calcutta. 11,12 Dr. Clendinning in London was one of the first Western physicians to treat migraine with cannabis in the 1840s, 11,13 and another London physician, Dr. R. Greene, was recommending daily doses of cannabis for the prophylaxis of migraine in 1872. 11,14 The medicinal use of C. indica for both acute and preventive headache treatment was subsequently advocated by many prominent physicians through the 19th and early decades of the 20th centuries, including E.J.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Marijuana, Cannabinoids, and Therapeutic Implications in Medicine and Headache: What a Long Strange Trip It's Been …

2015

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The literature suggests that the medicinal use of cannabis may have a therapeutic role for a multitude of diseases, particularly chronic pain disorders including headache. Supporting literature suggests a role for medicinal cannabis and cannabinoids in several types of headache disorders including migraine and cluster headache, although it is primarily limited to case based, anecdotal, or laboratory-based scientific research. Cannabis contains an extensive number of pharmacological and biochemical compounds, of which only a minority are understood, so many potential therapeutic uses likely remain undiscovered. Cannabinoids appear to modulate and interact at many pathways inherent to migraine, triptan mechanisms ofaction, and opiate pathways, suggesting potential synergistic or similar benefits. Modulation of the endocannabinoid system through agonism or antagonism of its receptors, targeting its metabolic pathways, or combining cannabinoids with other analgesics for synergistic effects, may provide the foundation for many new classes of medications. Despite the limited evidence and research suggesting a role for cannabis and cannabinoids in some headache disorders, randomized clinical trials are lacking and necessary for confirmation and further evaluation.

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Observations on the Medicinal Properties of the Cannabis Sativa of India

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review.

Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review.

Cannabis as a Substitute for Alcohol: A Harm-Reduction Approach

Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Marijuana, Cannabinoids, and Therapeutic Implications in Medicine and Headache: What a Long Strange Trip It's Been …

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