Observations on the mechanism of induction of supernumerary limbs in adult Triturus viridescens

Bodemer, Charles W.

doi:10.1002/jez.1401400105

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Ectopic limb formation was documented in experiments by Bodemer (1958Bodemer ( , 1959 in the mid-20th century, and expanded upon in recent years (Egar, 1988;Lheureux, 1977;Maden and Holder, 1984;Reynolds et al, 1983). Without intervention, a wound on the side of the limb heals and the skin is regenerated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A stepwise model system for limb regeneration

Endo

2004

Developmental Biology

252

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The amphibian limb is a model that has provided numerous insights into the principles and mechanisms of tissue and organ regeneration. While later stages of limb regeneration share mechanisms of growth control and patterning with limb development, the formation of a regeneration blastema is controlled by early events that are unique to regeneration. In this study, we present a stepwise experimental system based on induction of limb regeneration from skin wounds that will allow the identification and functional analysis of the molecules controlling this early, critical stage of regeneration. If a nerve is deviated to a skin wound on the side of a limb, an ectopic blastema is induced. If a piece of skin is grafted from the contralateral side of the limb to the wound site concomitantly with nerve deviation, the ectopic blastema continues to grow and forms an ectopic limb. Our analysis of dermal cell migration, contribution, and proliferation indicates that ectopic blastemas are equivalent to blastemas that form in response to limb amputation. Signals from nerves are required to induce formation of both ectopic and normal blastemas, and the diversity of positional information provided by blastema cells derived from opposite sides of the limb induces outgrowth and pattern formation. Hence, this novel and convenient stepwise model allows for the discovery of necessary and sufficient signals and conditions that control blastema formation, growth, and pattern formation during limb regeneration. D

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A stepwise model system for limb regeneration

Endo

2004

Developmental Biology

252

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“…[55][56][57][58] In addition, each of the three phases of regeneration discussed above can be distinguished and studied independently (Figure 2). If a piece of skin (epidermis and dermis) is removed from the lateral surface of a limb, the wound heals and the skin is regenerated (phase I).…”

Section: Induction Of Accessory Limbs As a Model To Test For Regeneramentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular basis of amphibian limb regeneration: integrating the old with the new

Gardiner

Endo

Bryant

2002

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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“…It should be reiterated here that the response of the normal host to the kidney implant has been found to be of three major types |8|: 1 …”

Section: Beryllium Nitrate Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of several investigators [1,10,12,21] has established that a large number of different types of tissues, when implanted under the skin o f a urodele limb, possess the ability to stimulate the forma tion of supernumerary structures. The close resemblance between the histological events occurring during the formation of a supernumerary limb and those in post-amputational regeneration was demonstrated by C a r l s o n [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of X-irradiation and Beryllium Nitrate upon Implant-induced Supernumerary Limb Formation in the Newt

Bm¹

1970

Oncology

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1. In an experimental system of implant-induced supernumerary limb formation in the newt, two inhibitors of limb regeneration, X-rays and beryllium nitrate, were individually applied to either the frog kidney implants or to the host limb. 2. Kidney implants irradiated with 2,220 r or 3,000 r induced normal percentages of supernumerary limbs whereas normal implants placed into limbs previously irradiated with 2,000–4,000 r did not stimulate any supernumerary growth. 3. Implants soaked in N/7 beryllium nitrate for two minutes stimulated normal percentages of supernumerary growth, but, when normal implants were placed into beryllium-treated limbs, no regenerative response was noted. 4. Neither X-irradiation nor beryllium nitrate inactivate the ‘factor’ in frog kidney which induces supernumerary limb formation. When host limbs were treated with these inhibitors, dedifferentiation was blocked and a regenerative response did not occur despite the presence of an adequate stimulus in the form of the kidney implant. It is concluded that these inhibitors disrupt some phase of the process occurring between the initial stimulus and the onset of overt dedifferentiation.

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Observations on the mechanism of induction of supernumerary limbs in adult Triturus viridescens

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

A stepwise model system for limb regeneration

A stepwise model system for limb regeneration

The molecular basis of amphibian limb regeneration: integrating the old with the new

The Effect of X-irradiation and Beryllium Nitrate upon Implant-induced Supernumerary Limb Formation in the Newt

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