Observations on the Histology of the Lung of Gallus Domesticus

Macdonald, J. W.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)48512-5

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Birds have the most efficient gas exchange of vertebrates (33). The blood-air barrier of vascular endothelial cells, interstitium, and air epithelial cells is approximately 0.1 ,um thick (12,33). The vascular endothelial lining consists of a single layer of flattened, elongated cells with the normal complement of cytoplasmic organelles and many vesicles (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of angiosarcomas by ring-necked pheasant virus

Carter¹,

Proctor²,

Smith³

1983

Infect Immun

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Ring-necked pheasant virus, an avian leukosis virus, when injected into 10-day old chick embryos, caused angiosarcomas in the lungs of infected chickens within a short time. Angiosarcomas appeared as localized foci of proliferating cells in the lungs as early as 2 weeks posthatch, and by 6 weeks, the lungs of the infected chickens were frequently filled with tumor cells. Between 3 and 10 weeks of age, 80% of infected chickens died of the angiosarcomas; the 20% which lived 8 weeks or longer had small lung lesions and also developed fibrosarcomas, osteopetrosis, nephroblastoma, and lymphoid leukosis. Chickens with lung tumors were cyanotic, had breathing difficulty, and had packed cell volumes in excess of 50%. Other changes not necessarily correlated with lung tumor mass were stunting, lymphoid organ involution, and profuse diarrhea. Ring-necked pheasant virus has a genome RNA of 8.2 kb. This observation, together with its replication and disease induction after repeated plaque purification, suggests that ring-necked pheasant virus is a replication-competent avian retrovirus. Therefore, our results suggest that ring-necked pheasant virus is an avian leukosis virus which causes angiosarcomas rapidly at high incidence and which, therefore, may induce this type of tumor by a mechanism different from the induction of sarcomas by avian sarcoma viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of angiosarcomas by ring-necked pheasant virus

Carter¹,

Proctor²,

Smith³

1983

Infect Immun

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“…The air capillaries possess an osmiophilic film on their very thin epithelium, as do the alveoles of the mammalian lung (De Groodt, Sebruyns, and Lagasse 1960;Bargmann and Knoop 1961;Policard, Collet, and Martin 1962;Tyler and Pangborn, 1964;Petrik, 1967;Petrik and Riedei, 1968a, b;Lambson and Cohn, 1968;Akester, 1970;Clements, Nellenbogen, and Trahan, 1970;Macdonald, 1970) which consists of phospholipids (Fujiwara, Adams, Nozaki, and Detmer, 1970). These phospholipids do not differ from those found in the mammaIia.n lung (Pattle, 1958(Pattle, , 1963(Pattle, , 1965Schoedel and Rüfer, 1968;Scarpelli, 1968).…”

Section: Discussion the A Vian Lung As A System 01 Mostly Rigid Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lung Air Sac System of Birds

Duncker¹

1971

119

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“…13). Without lucidly describing their form, Baier () and MacDonald () remarked that the BCs are “more profuse” than the ACs.…”

Section: Shapes Sizes and Arrangement Of The Air‐ And The Blood Capmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BCs and the ACs constitute as much as 90% of the volume of the gas exchange tissue (Maina, ; Maina et al, ). Dependent on body mass and the species of bird, the BCs are 3 to 10 µm wide (Duncker, ; West et al, ; Abdalla, ; Woodward and Maina, ; Maina and Woodward, ) while the ACs are 3 to 20 µm in diameter (Bargmann and Knoop, ; MacDonald, ; Akester, ; West et al, ; Duncker and Güntert, ; Maina and Nathaniel, ; Woodward and Maina, ; Maina and Woodward, ). The smallest (narrowest) alveoli of a mammalian lung are ∼35 µm in diameter in an unnamed species of bat (Tenney and Remmers, ).…”

Section: Shapes Sizes and Arrangement Of The Air‐ And The Blood Capmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Biomechanical Properties of the Exchange Tissue of the Avian Lung

Maina

2015

The Anatomical Record

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The blood capillaries (BC) and the air capillaries (ACs) are the terminal gas exchange units of the avian lung. The minuscule structures are astonishingly strong. It is only recently that the morphologies and the biomechanical properties of the BCs and the ACs were investigated. Regarding size and shape, the BCs and the ACs differ remarkably. While they were previously claimed to be tubular (cylindrical) in shape, the ACs are rather rotund structures which interconnect across short, narrow passageways. Atypical of those in other tissues, the BCs in the exchange tissue of the avian lung comprise of distinct segments which are about as long as they are wide and which are coupled in three-dimensions. The thin bloodgas barrier (BGB) which separates the ACs from the BCs is peculiarly strong. The causes of the strengths of the ACs and the BCs in general and the BGB in particular are varied and controversial. Here, the recent morphological and physiological findings on the structure, biomechanical properties, and the strengths of the respiratory units of the avian lung and the BGB have been critically examined. Also, in light of the new morphological findings of the ACs and the BCs, the functional model which is currently in use to assess the gas exchange efficiency of the avian lung should be revised and the inappropriateness of the terms 'blood capillary' and 'air capillary' for the gas exchange units of the avian lung is pointed out.

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Observations on the Histology of the Lung of Gallus Domesticus

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Induction of angiosarcomas by ring-necked pheasant virus

Induction of angiosarcomas by ring-necked pheasant virus

The Lung Air Sac System of Birds

Structural and Biomechanical Properties of the Exchange Tissue of the Avian Lung

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