Observations on the Fauna and Constituents of an Estuarine Mud in a Polluted Area

Fraser, J. H.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400051304

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Also far higher densities occur where the species thrives. Thus, in the Firth of Forth, Stephen (1929Stephen ( , 1930Stephen ( , 1931 found that the denser populations reached 150-200 per m.2 (highest sample 288); Thamdrup (1935) found up to 1000 per m.2 and a maximum of no less than 6325 g. per m.2 by weight; while in the Mersey (Fraser, 1932;Bassindale, 1938) it is the commonest bivalve, occurring at great abundance in places, especially in thick mud, almost completely displacing Scrobicularia, and attaining densities as high as 5900 per m.2 (2'5 mm. sieve).…”

Section: He Ecology Of the Tamar Estuary 321mentioning

confidence: 96%

The ecology of the Tamar Estuary VI. An account of the macrofauna of the intertidal muds

Spooner

Moore²

1940

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The macrofauna of the intertidal mud-flats of the River Tamar have been investigated. Quantitative samples were taken by sieving the mud through a o·8 mm. sieve. Traverses of series of stations were worked at successive intervals up the river, and the tidal level of each station ascertained.The characteristic species which inhabit the mud-flats are listed and the data secured regarding (1) population density, (2) up-river penetration, and (3) vertical distribution, are summarized and related to previous information on these points.While some species are more or less uniformly distributed intertidally, others show marked zonation, with maxima in one part or another of the intertidal zone. Marine species which penetrate into the estuary tend to show the same intertidal distribution as in marine habitats. All five of the more strictly estuarine species are concentrated in the upper tidal levels.In considering the limiting factors which cause a decrease of population at lower tidal levels, emphasis is placed on the probable importance of the increase in strength of water currents towards low water.

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Section: He Ecology Of the Tamar Estuary 321mentioning

confidence: 96%

The ecology of the Tamar Estuary VI. An account of the macrofauna of the intertidal muds

Spooner

Moore²

1940

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…It is worth noting here that some of the dominant species found in the bay, such as for example, members of the amphipod genus Corophium, appear to withstand polluted conditions (Fraser, 1932;Reish, 1959a;Tulkki, 1968;Gamble, 1970). The usefulness of such indicator species in pollution studies has been well documented (Wass, 1967), and the discovery of large numbers of specimens of those species known to be tolerant of polluted conditions is good indication that such conditions might exist.…”

Section: Proposed Directions 0~mentioning

confidence: 91%

A review of benthic faunal surveys in San Francisco Bay

Nichols¹

1973

Circular

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“…(Blegvad, 1932;Fraser, 1932;Brinkhurst, 1966;Muus, 1967 Reish, 1955Reish, , 1957Reish, , 1959Reish, , 1960Reish, , 1970Reish, , 1972, fiel vom vierten auf den siebten Rang, Hinweis auf eine verminderte Belastung. Dafiir wurde Arenicola marina zahlreicher, eine nach Rosenberg (1971) gegen Verschmutzung empfindliche Art.…”

Section: Analyse Der Bestandsbildenden Arten Und Ihre Dominanz-verhliunclassified

“…Dafiir wurde Arenicola marina zahlreicher, eine nach Rosenberg (1971) gegen Verschmutzung empfindliche Art. Pygospio elegans, h~iufig auch als Indikator fiir Verschmuzung aufgefiihrt (Clay, 1967a;Anger, 1975aAnger, , 1977 (Stephen, 1929;Fraser, 1932;Tulkki, 1969) Fraser, 1932;Clay, 1967b …”

Section: Analyse Der Bestandsbildenden Arten Und Ihre Dominanz-verhliunclassified

“…Dieser Amphipode besiedelte 1970 noch mit hohen Individuendichten die Wattfl~ichen im Einleitungsgebiet yon Kampen/Sylt (Otte, 1977). Den Grund in der vefiinderten Abwasserqualit~it zu suchen, scheint nicht zul~issig, da er zu den resistenten Formen gez~ihlt werden mug (Fraser, 1932;Clay, 1969). Auch ein vermindertes Detritusangebot kann als Ursache ausgeschlossen werden, well er 1975 wieder mit hohen Individuenzahlen den gleichen Wattenbereich besiedelte.…”

Section: Adaptationsfiihigkeit Des Makrobenthos Fiir Veriinderungen Dunclassified

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Untersuchungen über die Auswirkung kommunaler Abwässer auf das benthische Ökosystem mariner Watten

Otte

1979

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

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Investigations on the effects of domestic sewage on the benthic ecosystem of marine intertidal flats. The influence of domestic sewage on intertidal sand and mud flat benthic communities has been studied at three minor outfalls around the North Sea island of Sylt (F. R. Germany) and at the main outfall of Vancouver, B. C. (Canada). During high tide, domestic waste water was found at the water surface due to its lower specific gravity. Consequently, 02 depletion and salinity decrease occured mainly in surface waters. O x y g e n d e f i c i e n c y prevailed in the sediment-water layer, when settled sewage particles were re-suspended by strong tidal currents. This resulted in anaerobic conditions at the sediment surface for up to 40 ~ of the day. Substantial pH decrease and increase in seston load of the water were observed only along the sewage channels and around the outlets when large quantities of sewage were discharged. The amount of particulate organic material increased up to 10 % and more in muddy sediments due to sedimentation of sewage sludge. Considerable e u t r o p h i c a t i o n of the mud flats resulted from nutrient load of the sewage and from decomposition of faecal material deposited on the sediments. The vertical distribution of microalgae in the sediment was not influenced by sewage. Primary productivity of microalgae on the sediment surface was positively correlated with the degree of pollution.-In heavily and mediumly polluted zones, heterotrophic bacterial production exceeded primary production rates at the sediment surface. Compared with unpolluted intertidal flats the number of macrobenthic s p e c ie s was not reduced in polluted mud flats. In regard to overall species abundance, the macrofauna associations of the disposal area showed three distinct zones: (1) Heavy pollution around the outfall resulted in a degradation zone either without benthic invertebrates or with a very low density of individuals; (2) medium polluted areas were characterized by a zone of maximum density; (3) with decreasing or diminishing pollution the number of individuals returned to normal values ("background values"). The distribution of species within these zones indicated a significant difference between the response of the "channel fauna" and the "flat fauna" to pollution: while the number of species increased continously inside the channels with decreasing pollution, the species variety of the tidal flats was positively correlated with the number of individuals. The d i v e r s i t y o f t h e b e n t h o s inside the channels was negatively correlated with the degree of pollution, whereas the diversity indices for the fauna on the tidal flats increased quickly from the centre of pollution, remained at a high level in the medium polluted zone, and decreased again to the area of diminishing pollution. The n u m b e r o f d o m i n a t i n g s p e c i e s in the sewage channel increased from the outlet towards the low-tide level, with ratios of 0.9 to 0.33; on the flats the number remained constant...

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Observations on the Fauna and Constituents of an Estuarine Mud in a Polluted Area

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

The ecology of the Tamar Estuary VI. An account of the macrofauna of the intertidal muds

The ecology of the Tamar Estuary VI. An account of the macrofauna of the intertidal muds

A review of benthic faunal surveys in San Francisco Bay

Untersuchungen über die Auswirkung kommunaler Abwässer auf das benthische Ökosystem mariner Watten

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