Observations on the effect of immersion in Bath spa water.

O'Hare, J P; Heywood, Audrey; Summerhayes, Christina; Lunn, G; Evans, Jason M.; Walters, G.; Corrall, R. J. M.; Dieppe, P.

doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6511.1747

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Advantageous hydrodynamic and physiological effects of immersion and exercise in water allow greater freedom of movement and more effective rehabilitation. 24,33,34,45,46,54,55,94,95 Improvement in disease would presumably lead to improved HRQoL and increased QALYs gained, which would offset high fixed costs. However, the gains in disease improvement during intervention were insufficient to affect HRQoL meaningfully (based on results from the EQ-5D) and have QALYs gained in either group, and although more patients improved in the land than the combined group, the difference was neither clinically or statistically significant.…”

Section: Clinical and Cost-effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immersion to the neck in heated water results in a number of physiological responses triggered by an increase in hydrostatic pressure. An increase in distal venous pressure leads to central hypovolaemia, with subsequent cardiovascular responses resulting in increases in cardiac output and stroke volume, 33,34 which lead to inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn reduces vagal vasomotor tone, inducing muscle relaxation and central sensitisation to pain. 35,36 Furthermore, superficial heating of the skin and underlying structures leads to a reduction in striated muscle tone, cutaneous vasodilatation and a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance.…”

Section: Consequences Of Pathophysiology Of Jiamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is hydrotherapy cost-effective? A randomised controlled trial of combined hydrotherapy programmes compared with physiotherapy land techniques in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Epps¹,

Ginnelly²,

Utley³

et al. 2005

Health Technol Assess

151

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Section: Clinical and Cost-effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consequences Of Pathophysiology Of Jiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Is hydrotherapy cost-effective? A randomised controlled trial of combined hydrotherapy programmes compared with physiotherapy land techniques in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Epps¹,

Ginnelly²,

Utley³

et al. 2005

Health Technol Assess

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Immersion to the suprasternal notch in mineral water (35°C) results in a cascade of reactions including increased diuresis, natriuresis, and cardiac output (Epstein, 1992;O'Hare et al, 1985;Weston et al, 1987). The basis of these physiological effects is considered to be the hydrostatic pressure, which forces approximately 700 ml from the lower extremities to the central compartment.…”

Section: Mechanical Thermal and Chemical Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basis of these physiological effects is considered to be the hydrostatic pressure, which forces approximately 700 ml from the lower extremities to the central compartment. Distension of the volume receptors by this central hypervolemia is regarded as the trigger for the observed physiological effects (Epstein, 1992;O'Hare et al, 1985;Weston et al, 1987).…”

Section: Mechanical Thermal and Chemical Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidence on mechanisms of action of spa therapy in rheumatic diseases

Tenti¹,

Fioravanti²,

Guidelli³

et al. 2014

TANG [HUMANITAS MEDICINE]

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Spa represents a treatment widely used in many rheumatic diseases (RD). The mechanisms by which immersion in mineral or thermal water ameliorates RD are not fully understood. The net benefit is probably the result of a combination of factors, among which the mechanical, thermal and chemical effects are most prominent. Buoyancy, immersion, resistance and temperature play important roles. According to the gate theory, pain relief may be due to the pressure and temperature of the water on skin; heat may reduce muscle spasm and increase the pain threshold. Mud-bath therapy increases plasma β-endorphin levels and secretion of corticotrophin, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin. It has recently been demonstrated that thermal mud-bath therapy induces a reduction in circulating levels of prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α, important mediators of inflammation and pain. Furthermore, balneotherapy has been found to cause an increase in insulin-like growth factor-1, which stimulates cartilage metabolism, and transforming growth factor-β. Beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-degenerative effects of mineral water were confirmed in chondrocytes cultures, too. Various studies in vitro and in humans have highlighted the positive action of mud-packs and thermal baths, especially sulphurous ones, on the oxidant/antioxidant system. Overall, thermal stress has an immunosuppressive effect. Many other non-specific factors may also contribute to the beneficial effects observed after spa therapy in some RD, including effects on cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. adipokines) and changes in the environment, pleasant surroundings and the absence of work duties.

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“…Vasopressine levels and plasma renin activity fall while atrial natriuretic peptide levels rise [30,31,32]. The initial haemodilution gradually normalizes [33].…”

Section: Assumed Mechanism Of Action Of Hydro-and Balneotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of balneotherapy on pain, function and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain, and hand or knee osteoarthritis

Kulisch¹

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Observations on the effect of immersion in Bath spa water.

Cited by 72 publications

References 8 publications

Is hydrotherapy cost-effective? A randomised controlled trial of combined hydrotherapy programmes compared with physiotherapy land techniques in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Is hydrotherapy cost-effective? A randomised controlled trial of combined hydrotherapy programmes compared with physiotherapy land techniques in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

New evidence on mechanisms of action of spa therapy in rheumatic diseases

Efficacy of balneotherapy on pain, function and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain, and hand or knee osteoarthritis

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