Observations on the diurnal vertical migrations of an oceanic animal community

Roe, H.S.J.

doi:10.1007/bf00396301

Cited by 88 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…sex, age, changes in behaviour and physiology) originating from the organism itself (Forward, 1988). Daylight is generally assumed the dominant exogenous cue controlling DVM, because the times of migration usually correspond to the times of the rapid light intensity changes around sunrise and sunset (see Roe, 1974;Forward, 1988;Haney, 1988;Ringelberg, 1995). The three main hypotheses for the use of light as an exogenous stimulus for DVM are (1) preferendum or isolume hypothesis, (2) absolute intensity threshold hypothesis and (3) the rate-of-change hypothesis (see review of Cohen and Forward 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic insights into the zooplankton dynamics of the eastern Weddell Sea

Cisewski

Strass

2016

Progress in Oceanography

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The success of any efforts to determine the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems depends on understanding in the first instance the natural variations, which contemporarily occur on the interannual and shorter time scales. Here we present results on the environmental controls of zooplankton distribution patterns and behaviour in the eastern Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean. Zooplankton abundance and vertical migration are derived from the mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS) and the vertical velocity measured by moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), which were deployed simultaneously at 64°S, 66.5°S and 69°S along the Greenwich Meridian from February, 2005, until March, 2008 While these time series span a period of full three years they resolve hourly changes.A highly persistent behavioural pattern found at all three mooring locations is the synchronous diel vertical migration (DVM) of two distinct groups of zooplankton that migrate between a deep residence depth during daytime and a shallow depth during nighttime. The DVM was closely coupled to the astronomical daylight cycles. However, while the DVM was symmetric around local noon, the annual modulation of the DVM was clearly asymmetric around winter solstice or summer solstice, respectively, at all three mooring sites. DVM at our observation sites persisted throughout winter, even at the highest latitude exposed to the polar night. Since the magnitude as well as the relative rate of change of illumination is minimal at this time, we propose that the ultimate causes of DVM separated from the light-mediated proximal cue that coordinates it. In all three years, a marked change in the migration behaviour occurred in late spring (late October/early November), when DVM ceased. The complete suspension of DVM after early November is possibly caused by the combination of two factors: (1) increased availability of food in the surface mixed layer provided by the phytoplankton spring bloom, and (2) vanishing diurnal enhancement of the threat from visually oriented predators when the illumination is quasi-continuous during the polar and subpolar summer. 3Zooplankton abundance in the water column, estimated as the mean MVBS in the depth range 50 -300 m, was highest end of summer and lowest mid to end winter on the average annual cycle. However, zooplankton abundance varied several-fold between years and between locations. Based on satellite and in situ data of chlorophyll and sea ice as well as on hydrographic measurements, the interannual and spatial variations of zooplankton mean abundance can be explained by differences in the magnitude of the phytoplankton spring bloom, which develops during the seasonal sea ice retreat. Whereas the vernal ice melt appears necessary to stimulate the blooming of phytoplankton, it is not the determinator of the blooms magnitude, its areal extent and duration. A possible explanation for the limitation of the phytoplankton bloom in some years is top-down control. We hypothesize that the phytoplankton spring ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic insights into the zooplankton dynamics of the eastern Weddell Sea

Cisewski

Strass

2016

Progress in Oceanography

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“…light). Light is agreed to be the most significant external cue in diel vertical migration behaviour, because the times of migration usually correspond to the times of light intensity change underwater at sunrise and sunset (see Roe, 1974;Forward, 1988;Haney, 1988;Ringelberg, 1995). Regarding ultimate factors, the predator evasion hypothesis has gained wide acceptance, which supposes that migration out of the well-illuminated surface layer during daytime substantially decreases mortality of descending animals by reducing the risk of being detected by visually hunting predators (Zaret and Suffern, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of diel vertical migration of zooplankton from ADCP backscatter time series data in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica

Cisewski

Strass

Rhein

et al. 2010

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

100

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a b s t r a c tTen-month time series of mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS) and vertical velocity obtained from three moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed from February until December 2005 at 641S, 66.51S and 691S along the Greenwich Meridian were used to analyse the diel vertical zooplankton migration (DVM) and its seasonality and regional variability in the Lazarev Sea. The estimated MVBS exhibited distinct patterns of DVM at all three mooring sites. Between February and October, the timing of the DVM and the residence time of zooplankton at depth were clearly governed by the day-night rhythm. Mean daily cycles of the ADCP-derived vertical velocity were calculated for successive months and showed maximum ascent and descent velocities of 16 and -15 mm sHowever, a change of the MVBS pattern occurred in late spring/early austral summer (October/ November), when the zooplankton communities ceased their synchronous vertical migration at all three mooring sites. Elevated MVBS values were then concentrated in the uppermost layers ( o 50 m) at 66.51S. This period coincided with the decay of sea ice coverage at 641S and 66.51S between early November and mid-December. Elevated chlorophyll concentrations, which were measured at the end of the deployment, extended from 671S to 651S and indicated a phytoplankton bloom in the upper 50 m. Thus, we propose that the increased food supply associated with an ice edge bloom caused the zooplankton communities to cease their DVM in favour of feeding.

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“…Like most deep sound-scattering layers (Roe 1974), the mesopelagic sound-scattering layer around the Hawaiian Islands undergoes diel vertical migrations (Reid et al 1991, Reid 1994. Unlike layers that have been extensively studied elsewhere, the migration of the mesopelagic layer in Hawaii also includes a significant diel horizontal onshore-offshore component , Benoit-Bird & Au 2004, 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior exceeds physical forcing in the diel horizontal migration of the midwater sound-scattering layer in Hawaiian waters

McManus¹,

Benoit‐Bird²,

Woodson³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The mesopelagic sound-scattering layer around the Hawaiian Islands undergoes diel vertical migrations. This migration also includes a significant diel horizontal onshore-offshore component. Before this study, the mechanisms underlying the horizontal movement of the mesopelagic layer had not been investigated. We took an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate relationships between the mesopelagic layer and physical oceanographic processes in the water column. The study area extended west of the leeward coast of Oahu, Hawaii. We found that the nightly inshore movement of micronekton occurs very predictably each day; onshore migration brings animals nearshore between 20:00 and 20:13 h and offshore migration commences between 03:30 and 03:45 h during the months of April and May. Simultaneous observations of nearshore physical flow and micronekton distribution indicate that the observed nightly inshore movement of micronekton in the sound-scattering layer is not directly due to physical processes in the nearshore environment. Rather, this nightly inshore movement of micronekton can be attributed primarily to micronekton swimming behavior. This behavior may be cued by changes in sunlight, but that cue is strongly mediated by a factor tied to the lunar phase, potentially moonlight. Horizontal migration velocities exceeded the maximum across-slope physical flow by 5 to 6-fold. Thus, typical across-slope flows likely represent a relatively small additional cost or benefit to onshore-offshore swimming, depending on flow direction. We suggest that energy acquisition via increased prey availability nearshore far exceeds the high energetic cost of onshore and offshore migrations. KEY WORDS: Mesopelagic layer · Diel migration · Physical processesResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Observations on the diurnal vertical migrations of an oceanic animal community

Cited by 88 publications

References 30 publications

Acoustic insights into the zooplankton dynamics of the eastern Weddell Sea

Acoustic insights into the zooplankton dynamics of the eastern Weddell Sea

Seasonal variation of diel vertical migration of zooplankton from ADCP backscatter time series data in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica

Behavior exceeds physical forcing in the diel horizontal migration of the midwater sound-scattering layer in Hawaiian waters

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