Observations on the appearance and ossification of the premaxilla and maxilla in the human embryo

Shepherd, William; McCarthy, Miles D.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091210103

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This also holds true for the Stenonian process. Shepherd and McCarthy (1955), investigating fifteen human embryos, came generally to similar results like Jarmer (1922) who found a separate palatine process that soon fuses with the body. In the latter case the palatine process was not fully isolated, but thin-bony bridges connected it with the premaxillary corpus.…”

Section: The Development Of the Premaxillasupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Ossification of a separate premaxilla was first observed in a 16 mm embryo. We agree with Jarmer (1922), Peter (1924), and Shepherd and McCarthy (1955) that it develops from three anlagen, which are, however, not fully separated. The predominant sutura incisiva (rudimentarily seen on the facial side in a prematurely born child) and a shorter sutura intraincisiva argue in this sense.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Three centers of intermaxilla : Jarmer 1922, Peter 1924, Shepherd and McCarthy 1955. See for further information Inouye 1912, Felber 1919, Peter 1924, Kräutler 1966.…”

Section: The Development Of the Premaxillamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3d). Thus we can distinguish three parts of the premaxilla: firstly the alveolar part with facial process, secondly the palatine process and thirdly the processus Stenonianus that fuses with the nasal cartilaginous septum and the vomer (see also Shepherd and McCarthy 1955).…”

Section: The Development Of the Premaxillamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A re-evaluation of the premaxillary bone in humans

Barteczko

Jacob

2004

Anatomy and Embryology

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The discovery of the premaxillary bone (os incisivum, os intermaxillare or premaxilla) in humans has been attributed to Goethe, and it has also been named os Goethei. However, Broussonet (1779) and Vicq d'Azyr (1780) came to the same result with different methods. The first anatomists described this medial part of the upper jaw as a separate bone in the vertebrate skull, and, as we know, Coiter (1573) was the first to present an illustration of the sutura incisiva in the human. This fact, and furthermore its development from three parts:-(1) the alveolar part with the facial process, (2) the palatine process, and (3) the processus Stenonianus-can no longer be found in modern textbooks of developmental biology. At the end of the nineteenth and in the early twentieth century a vehement discussion focused on the number and position of its ossification centers and its sutures. Therefore, it is hard to believe that the elaborate work of the old embryologists is ignored and that the existence of a premaxillary bone in humans is even denied by many authors. Therefore this re-evaluation was done to demonstrate the early development of the premaxillary bone using the reconstructions of Felber (1919), Jarmer (1922) and data from our own observations on SEM micrographs and serial sections from 16 mm embryo to 68 mm fetus. Ossification of a separate premaxilla was first observed in a 16 mm embryo. We agree with Jarmer (1922), Peter (1924), and Shepherd and McCarthy (1955) that it develops from three anlagen, which are, however, not fully separated. The predominant sutura incisiva (rudimentarily seen on the facial side in a prematurely born child) and a shorter sutura intraincisiva argue in this sense. The later growth of this bone and its processes establish an important structure in the middle of the facial skull. Its architecture fits well with the functional test of others. We also focused on the relation of the developing premaxilla to the forming nasal septum moving from ventral to dorsal and the intercalation of the vomer. Thus the premaxilla acts as a stabilizing element within the facial skeleton comparable with the keystone of a Roman arch. Furthermore, the significance of the premaxillary anlage for the closure of the palatine was documented by a synopsis made from a stage 16, 10.2 mm GL embryo to a 49 mm GL fetus. Finally the growth of the premaxilla is closely related to the development of the human face. Abnormal growth may be correlated to characteristic malformations such as protrusion, closed bite and prognathism. Concerning the relation of the premaxillary bone to cleft lip and palate we agree with others that the position of the clefts is not always identical with the incisive suture. This is proved by the double anlagen of an upper-outer incisor in a 55 mm fetus and an adult.

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Section: The Development Of the Premaxillasupporting

confidence: 72%

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Three centers of intermaxilla : Jarmer 1922, Peter 1924, Shepherd and McCarthy 1955. See for further information Inouye 1912, Felber 1919, Peter 1924, Kräutler 1966.…”

Section: The Development Of the Premaxillamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Development Of the Premaxillamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A re-evaluation of the premaxillary bone in humans

Barteczko

Jacob

2004

Anatomy and Embryology

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“…The most recent investigation of this subject is that of Shepherd and McCarthy [1955]. In a study of 15 embryos ranging in age from 4 to 15 weeks they drew a number of conclusions which suggest that they regarded their data as longitudinal rather than cross-sectional.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prenatal Inter-Relationships of the Maxilla and Premaxilla in the Facial Development of Man

Kraus

Decker²

1960

Cells Tissues Organs

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The morphogenesis of the lateral nasal wall in the early prenatal life of man

Vidić

1971

Am. J. Anat.

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To study the fetal morphogenesis of the lateral nasal wall and nasal conchae as well as the initial development of the paranasal sinuses, 15 specimens were investigated. Their crown-rump lengths ranged from 25 to 263mm. The specimens were fixed in Bouin's solution. Serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Mallory's trichrome stain. The objectives were to ascertain the time and course of development of: (1) ossification in the maxilla and palate, ( 2 ) formation of the nasal capsule and the conchae, ( 3 ) chondrification and ossification in the nasal capsule and conchae, ( 4 ) the maxillary sinus and ethmoidal cells, and (5) glands in the respiratory mucosa. The earliest appearance of the conchae was observed in a 25 mm CR fetus. In a 32 mm CR fetus, ossification in the maxilla and palate was begun and the first maxillary sinus primordium was observed. The glands associated with the maxillary sinus and the inferior concha developed in a 49 mm and in a 90 mm CR fetus, respectively. The ethmoid and three conchae started to ossify in a 160 mm CR fetus. It was concluded that the transformation of mesenchyme into the bony skeleton was accomplished in a 263mm CR fetus. Both groups of paranasal sinuses and the respiratory glands in the 263 mm CR fetus were morphologically well differentiated. In addition to an extensive survey of the literature, the possible role of the mucosal glands in development of the paranasal system was discussed. 121

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Observations on the appearance and ossification of the premaxilla and maxilla in the human embryo

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

A re-evaluation of the premaxillary bone in humans

A re-evaluation of the premaxillary bone in humans

The Prenatal Inter-Relationships of the Maxilla and Premaxilla in the Facial Development of Man

The morphogenesis of the lateral nasal wall in the early prenatal life of man

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