Observations on Some Physical-Chemical Characteristics of River-Ice Breakup

Milburn, David; Prowse, Terry D.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0887-381x(2000)14:4(214)

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In both years, suspended-sediment concentrations remained below 10 mg/L two weeks before breakup but then rose by an order of magnitude prior to breakup. This increase in pre-breakup suspended sediment could be due to resuspension of fine-grained sediment deposited during the low-flow winter period [55]. As reported in [33,56], SSCs in 1987 rose more as breakup progressed, reaching a maximum of 1067 mg/L with a concurrent mean daily discharge of 2550 m 3 /s.…”

Section: Suspended-sediment Concentrations Shortly Before and During The Breakup Periodsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The 1987 high SSCs could be related to an upstream release of an ice jam. In 1993, SSCs rose to 291 mg/L (at 2280 m 3 /s) just before breakup and peaked at 331 mg/L (at 2480 m 3 /s) during the final ice run [55].…”

Section: Suspended-sediment Concentrations Shortly Before and During The Breakup Periodmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Milburn and Prowse [55] presents data from a 1993 sampling program on the Liard River and further discusses the results of suspended-sediment sampling conducted in 1987. During both the 1987 and 1993 data gathering, samplers were lowered through holes in the ice during pre-breakup and from a helicopter positioned over leads during active breakup.…”

Section: Suspended-sediment Concentrations Shortly Before and During The Breakup Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of River-Ice Breakup on Sediment Transport and Implications to Stream Environments: A Review

Beltaos

Burrell²

2021

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the breakup of river ice covers, a greater potential for erosion occurs due to rising discharge and moving ice and the highly dynamic waves that form upon ice-jam release. Consequently, suspended-sediment concentrations can increase sharply and peak before the arrival of the peak flow. Large spikes in sediment concentrations occasionally occur during the passage of sharp waves resulting from releases of upstream ice jams and the ensuing ice runs. This is important, as river form and function (both geomorphologic and ecological) depend upon sediment erosion and deposition. Yet, sediment monitoring programs often overlook the higher suspended-sediment concentrations and loads that occur during the breakup period owing to data-collection difficulties in the presence of moving ice and ice jams. In this review paper, we introduce basics of river sediment erosion and transport and of relevant phenomena that occur during the breakup of river ice. Datasets of varying volume and detail on measured and inferred suspended-sediment concentrations during the breakup period on different rivers are reviewed and compared. Possible effects of river characteristics on seasonal sediment supply are discussed, and the implications of increased sediment supply are reviewed based on seasonal comparisons. The paper also reviews the environmental significance of increased sediment supply both on water quality and ecosystem functionality.

show abstract

Section: Suspended-sediment Concentrations Shortly Before and During The Breakup Periodsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Suspended-sediment Concentrations Shortly Before and During The Breakup Periodmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Suspended-sediment Concentrations Shortly Before and During The Breakup Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of River-Ice Breakup on Sediment Transport and Implications to Stream Environments: A Review

Beltaos

Burrell²

2021

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The channel systems are deeply incised where they enter into the middle and eastern basins (e.g., Figure 2). River‐ice break‐up events on the Earth leading to ice scour can be extremely erosive, even more so than high‐velocity water scour, and may be responsible for the most severe erosion in northern rivers [ Milburn and Prowse , 2000]. This process could enhance erosion of some channels on Mars.…”

Section: Regional Geologic Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleolakes and impact basins in southern Arabia Terra, including Meridiani Planum: Implications for the formation of hematite deposits on Mars

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] The hematite deposit in Meridiani Planum was selected for a Mars Exploration Rover (MER) landing site because water could be involved in the formation of hematite, and water is a key ingredient in the search for life. Our discovery of a chain of paleolake basins and channels along the southern margin of the hematite deposits in Meridiani Planum with the presence of the strongest hematite signature adjacent to a paleolake basin, supports the possible role of water in the formation of the hematite and the deposition of other layered materials in the region. The hematite may have formed by direct precipitation from lake water, as coatings precipitated from groundwater, or by oxidation of preexisting iron oxide minerals. The paleolake basins were fed by an extensive channel system, originating from an area larger than Texas and located south of the Schiaparelli impact basin. On the basis of stratigraphic relationships, the formation of channels in the region occurred over much of Mars' history, from before the layered materials in Meridiani Planum were deposited until recently. The location of the paleolake basins and channels is connected with the impact cratering history of the region. The earliest structure identified in this study is an ancient circular multiringed basin (800-1600 km diameter) that underlies the entire Meridiani Planum region. The MER landing site is located on the buried northern rim of a later 150 km diameter crater. This crater is partially filled with layered deposits that contained a paleolake in its southern portion.

show abstract

“…Physical disturbances associated with breakup scouring and flooding are important to nutrient and organic matter dynamics, spring water chemistry, and the abundance and diversity of river biota (Scrimgeour et al, 1994;Milburn & Prowse, 2000). Furthermore, it is ice-induced flooding that supplies the flux of sediment, nutrients, and water that are essential to the health of freshwater delta ecosystems (e.g.…”

Section: Aquatic Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate impacts on extreme ice-jam events in Canadian rivers

Beltaos¹,

Prowse²

2001

Hydrological Sciences Journal

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

River ice jams can produce extreme flood events with major social, economic and ecological impacts throughout Canada. Ice breakup and jamming processes are briefly reviewed and shown to be governed by the flow hydrograph, the thickness and strength of the winter ice cover, and the stream morphology. These factors are directly or indirectly influenced by weather conditions which implies potential impacts of climate change and variability on the severity of ice-jamming. Relevant work has to date focused on simple measures of climatic effects, such as the timing of freeze-up and breakup, and indicates trends that are consistent with concomitant changes in air temperature. More recently, it has been found that increased incidence of mid-winter breakup events and higher freshet flows in certain parts of Canada could enhance the frequency and severity of ice jams. Possible future trends under climate warming scenarios are discussed and associated impacts identified in a general manner.Key words ice breakup andjamming; frequency and severity of ice jams; climate change impacts; flood risk; extreme events Impacts climatiques sur les embâcles extrêmes des cours d'eau du CanadaRésumé Les embâcles sur les cours d'eau peuvent causer d'importantes inondations qui ont des impacts sociaux, économiques et écologiques considérables dans tout le Canada. Nous avons brièvement examiné les processus d'embâcle et de débâcle, et montré qu'ils sont régis par les caractéristiques de l'écoulement, l'épaisseur et la résistance de la couverture de glace d'hiver, ainsi que par la morphologie du cours d'eau. Ces facteurs sont directement ou indirectement influencés par les conditions météorologiques et la modification et la variabilité du climat peuvent donc avoir des incidences sur la gravité des embâcles. À ce jour, les travaux consacrés à cette question n'avaient utilisé que de simples mesures des effets du climat, par exemple les dates d'englacement et de déglacement, qui évoluent comme la température de l'air. Récemment, on a constaté que l'incidence accrue, dans certaines parties du Canada, de bris de la glace et de fortes crues nivales au milieu de l'hiver pourrait augmenter la fréquence et la gravité des embâcles. Nous avons examiné les évolutions probables selon divers scénarios de réchauffement du climat et nous avons plus généralement identifié leurs impacts possibles.

show abstract

Observations on Some Physical-Chemical Characteristics of River-Ice Breakup

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of River-Ice Breakup on Sediment Transport and Implications to Stream Environments: A Review

Effects of River-Ice Breakup on Sediment Transport and Implications to Stream Environments: A Review

Paleolakes and impact basins in southern Arabia Terra, including Meridiani Planum: Implications for the formation of hematite deposits on Mars

Climate impacts on extreme ice-jam events in Canadian rivers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About