Observations on Sex Differentiation in the Oil Palm, Elaeis guineensis L.

Williams, C. N.; Thomas, Romain

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084425

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Other monoecius plant species are also known to alter their floral sex ratios as the environment is altered. The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) produces more female inflorescences when moisture is good, light is intense, and soils are fertile (Williams and Thomas, 1970). Poole and Grimball (1939) concluded that the floral sex ratio of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) was partially controlled by environmental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Environment on the Floral Sex Ratio of Monoecious Plants

et al. 1981

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Environment on the Floral Sex Ratio of Monoecious Plants

et al. 1981

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“…High light intensities appear to stimulate femaleness in orchids (Dodson 1962, Gregg 1975, 1978 cucumbers (Kooistra 1967, lto andSaito 1960), and the oii palm (Elaeis quincensis) (Williams and Thomas 1970). Gregg suggested that this female bias reflects greater rates of photosynthate production.…”

Section: Variation In Frequency Of Bisexual Fiowers Among Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gregg (1978) also found no effect of ferţilization on sex expression in the orchid Cycnoches. In Arisaema (Atkinson 1898), Begonia (Matzke 1938), and Elaeis (Williams and Thomas 1970), female sex expression was greatest in rich soi!, and femaleness of the andromonoecious Leptospermum scoparium increased with soi! fertilization (Primack and Lloyd 1980).…”

Section: Variation In Frequency Of Bisexual Fiowers Among Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Sex Expression in Red Buckeye

Bertin¹

1982

Ecology

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I examined the reproductive biology of the andromonoecious shrub, red buckeye (Aesculus pavia, Hippocastanaceae) in order to describe the distribution of the two flower types in space and time, and to explain these patterns in an ecological context. Bisexual flowers were rare relative to male flowers, comprising typically <2% of the total flowers at woodland sites and 5—40% at field sites. Light availability was apparently the most important environmental factor influencing among—plant differences in ratios of flower types and production of mature fruit, though variability of the former may also have had a large genetic component. Within inflorescence, bisexual flowers were most common basally, especially near the central inflorescence axis, and on the side of the inflorescence away from the branch bearing the inflorescence. Predator and pollinator behavior, and requirements for fruit support were potentially important in determining this pattern. Bisexual flowers tended to occur in those inflorescences receiving the most light, and having the most subtending leaves and greatest yearly twig elongation. Abundance of bisexual flowers through time showed (1) a strong negative correlation with intensity of predation on fruits produced from flowers borne at these times, (2) a negative correlation with intensity of predation on flowers, and (3) a positive correlation with probability of pollinator visitation. I suggest that spatial and temporal distributions of flower types are often selected for by patterns of resource availability and behavior of predators, pollinators, or dispersers, and that selection on monoecious species will generally favor individuals in which sex expression and fruit production respond to the same environmental factors.

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“…Such alternative responses are known in Arisaema species (Araceae) (Schaffner 1922, Camp 1932, orchids of the subtribe Catasetinae (Dodson 1962), the oil-palm, Elaeis guineensis L. (Hartley 1970, Williams & Thomas 1970, Psiguria (Anguria) and Gurania species (Cucurbitaceae) (M. Condon, pers. comm.…”

Section: Canalised Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiological cue may be correlated with plant size, but in the oil-palm and at least some species of Psiguria and Gurania. single plants alternate in pollen and seed phases (Hartley 1970;Williams & Thomas 1970;M. Condon, pers.…”

Section: Canalised Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental strategies of angiosperms

Lloyd

1979

New Zealand Journal of Botany

205

118

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This paper considers strategies for optimally deploying the parental investment that a plant makes during one reproductive session. The subdivision ofa plant's reproductive effort into many flowers and fruits causes plants to show distinctive parental strategies. The distribution of gametes is far more complicated in plants than in animals. The following classes of strategies are discussed:Gender strategies control the relative contributions to fitness that result from maternal and parental investments. Cosexual, male and female morphs are distinguished by their average gender. A simple method for quantitatively estimating the functional gender of plants is used to distinguish three types of gender reactions to various circumstances, namely canalised, labile, and sequential gender responses.Relative maternal and paternal expenditures. Maternal costs may exceed paternal costs by a considerable amount in many species.Size-number compromises for seeds and pollen. The conflicting advantages of size and number have been actively investigated for seeds but not for pollen grains.Seed and pollen packaging -the relative numbers of polliniferous flowers and fruit. Hermaphroditism, andromonoecy. and gynomonoecy are compared as relative packaging strategies.The temporal control oj maternal investment. Many factors influence the extent to which it is advantageous to control fruit numbers at the successive stages of flower determination, ovary development, and fruit maturation.Breeding patterns control the parentage of seeds, and include the frequencies and distributions of sexual versus asexual reproduction and of self-versus cross-fertilisation. Botanists have concentrated on selection for genetic recombination as a factor controlling breeding patterns, and other factors have been under-emphasised. 595

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Observations on Sex Differentiation in the Oil Palm, Elaeis guineensis L.

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Environment on the Floral Sex Ratio of Monoecious Plants

Influence of Environment on the Floral Sex Ratio of Monoecious Plants

The Ecology of Sex Expression in Red Buckeye

Parental strategies of angiosperms

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