Observations on Reproduction and Development in Cockroaches

Willis, Edwin R.; Riser, George R.; Roth, Louis M.

doi:10.1093/aesa/51.1.53

Cited by 105 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…However, few roaches were found in other habitats searched and it is therefore likely that the bark is a major habitat of both species. The probable 7 instars (at least 6 sub-adult, plus terminal instar) proposed for C. peninsularis and P. pachycercum agrees with the findings of Willis et al (1958) and Brown (1980) for Blatella germanica, B. vaga, Ectobius lapponicus, and E. pallidus, but many European species have more. There may be 2 reasons for the blurring of size classes 5 and 6.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Seamans & Woodruff (1939) found that the number of moults undergone by Blattella germanica was influenced by diet and injury. Gier (1947) found that Periplaneta americana had a variable number of instars and that dietary deficiency delayed or stopped moulting; Willis et al (1958) found that Pycnoscelus surinamensis could have 8-12 instars. Therefore the overlap between clusters 5 and 6 possibly reflects a difference in the number of moults undergone by some individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many publications on the life histories of laboratory-reared cockroaches outside New Zealand (e.g., Willis et al 1958) but few observations appear to have been made on the life histories of roaches in the field. Life history data were obtained from a series of samples of cockroaches taken (primarily for parasitological research) at about monthly intervals from Kaituna Valley, Banks Peninsula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality in a field population of two New Zealand cockroaches (Blattodea)

Zervos

1984

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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A population comprising Celatoblatta peninsularis and Parellipsidion pachycercum was sampled from Banks Peninsula, New Zealand over 1 year. Sub-adult cockroaches were assigned to 6 size classes (probably instars) by interocular distance and hind femur length. P. pachycercum was most abundant in December and January and adults were abundant in most months. In contrast, C. peninsularis was most abundant from February to June and adults were rare except in November. Adult females were less abundant than adult males in both species. Although both species may be bivoltine, they use difference overwintering strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality in a field population of two New Zealand cockroaches (Blattodea)

Zervos

1984

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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“…Females may also provide maternal care in the form of protection to the offspring during their first instar (ref. 19; unpublished data). Thus, there is a relatively large maternal investment in N. cinerea.…”

Section: N Cinerea Life Historymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…(B) There is not a significant delay between the first and second clutch, although there is a trend for a longer period between clutches for females mated at 18 days postadult emergence. Sample sizes for females mated at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days postadult molt were, respectively, 20,19,17,19,18, and 18 for timing of the first clutch and 18, 19, 15, 15, 14, and 9 for timing of the second clutch. the present study was driven by the lack of increased lifespan in females mated at 18 days of age despite their decreased fertility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive aging and mating: The ticking of the biological clock in female cockroaches

Moore

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

181

146

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Females are expected to have different mating preferences because of the variation in costs and benefits of mate choice both between females and within individual females over a lifetime. Workers have begun to look for, and find, the expected variation among females in expressed mating preferences. However, variation within females caused by changes in intrinsic influences has not been examined in detail. Here we show that reproductive aging caused by delayed mating resulted in reduced choosiness by female Nauphoeta cinerea, a cockroach that has reproductive cycles and gives live birth. Male willingness to mate was unaffected by variation in female age. Females who were beyond the optimal mating age, 6 days postadult molt, required considerably less courtship than their younger counterparts. Females who were older when they mated had fewer offspring per clutch and fewer clutches than females who mated young. Thus, reduced choosiness was correlated with a permanent reduction in fertility. There was no difference in overall senescence among females, and thus the reduction in clutch size did not result in the expected increased lifespan. We suggest that reproductive aging in N. cinerea, similar to aging in general, occurs because the maintenance of oocytes is costly, and selection is relaxed after the optimal mating period. Our results further suggest that selection for continued choosiness is also relaxed and supports direct selection on female choosiness and a cost to choosiness.aging ͉ female mate choice ͉ fitness ͉ mate quality ͉ sexual selection S exual selection theory predicts that mate choice, usually by females, evolves because of variation in benefits provided by mating with particular mates. Much of the recent research on sexual selection therefore has been directed at detecting the benefit provided by males to females (reviewed in refs. 1 and 2). Considerably less research effort has addressed variation in female preferences (3-7). During female mate choice, however, females must tradeoff the benefits gained by being choosy against the costs of stronger preferences (2). This cost͞benefit tradeoff should result in variation in the expression of female mate preferences both between females and by an individual female over her lifetime.Variation in female mate preferences can result from extrinsic or intrinsic factors. Examples of external conditions that may cause females to be less choosy when making mating decisions include environmental conditions that increase the energy output required to search for and compare different males (8) or high predation risk (9-11). Seasonal constraints on reproduction can also influence female choosiness (12).Intrinsic factors should also inf luence the expression of female mate choice (13, 14). Parker's ESS model of mate choice (13) suggests that the level of choosiness is a function of female reproductive quality. Females with a reproductive quality above a certain threshold should only accept mates of similarly high quality. However, females with a reproductive qualit...

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Biodiversity of Blattodea – the Cockroaches and Termites

Djernæs

2018

Insect Biodiversity

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Observations on Reproduction and Development in Cockroaches

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonality in a field population of two New Zealand cockroaches (Blattodea)

Seasonality in a field population of two New Zealand cockroaches (Blattodea)

Reproductive aging and mating: The ticking of the biological clock in female cockroaches

Biodiversity of Blattodea – the Cockroaches and Termites

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