Observations on Rare Earths Extraction of Ytterbium from Rare Earth Mixtures with Sodium Amalgam

Moeller, Therald; Kremers, Howard E.

doi:10.1021/i560148a019

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2. Therefore, the 54 To avoid the precipitation of REEs, monitoring the onset pH for precipitation is critical. Otherwise, a combination of precipitation and adsorption behaviors would lead to erroneous mechanistic conclusions and provide misleading adsorption capacities.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing Rare-Earth Elements by Synthetic Aluminosilicate MCM-22: Mechanistic Understanding of Yb(III) Capture

Chatterjee,

Han,

Kobayashi

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing Rare-Earth Elements by Synthetic Aluminosilicate MCM-22: Mechanistic Understanding of Yb(III) Capture

Chatterjee,

Han,

Kobayashi

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…In the case of Y.G., several precipitation techniques with hydroxides, chromates, and even nitrates were possible for preliminary Y enhancement and separation. However, the application of this method is limited to separating REEs into groups but not into individual ions [3,43].…”

Section: Separation By Crystallization and Precipitation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Recent Developments for Individual Rare Earth Elements Separation

2023

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Facilitating the demands of modern society, namely, smartphones, televisions, electric vehicles, and high-stability aircraft structures, requires low-cost and high-performance materials and a corresponding change in the approach needed to design them. Rare earth elements (REEs) play a significant role in achieving these objectives by adding small amounts of these elements to alloys, thereby enhancing material properties. Despite being more abundant than precious metals, the 17 REEs exhibit subtle variations in their chemical and physical characteristics. Thus, their separation is still crucial for industrial applications. There is a corresponding need to develop more effective and efficient separation methods. Adding to the separation challenge is the complexity of the sources of REEs and related materials. Thus, large-scale production of REE materials is difficult. Current REE processing techniques can be categorized into pre-treatment, beneficiation, separation, and refining. Researchers have developed various technologies encompassing chemical, physical, and biological methods, focusing on economic and environmental considerations. However, not all these approaches can be scaled up for mass production. This article focuses on feasible strategies such as precipitation and crystallization, oxidation and reduction, ion exchange, adsorption, solvent extraction, and membrane separation. Further research into these traditional and modern methods can potentially revolutionize the separation dynamics of REEs.

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Isolation of Samarium, Europium, and Ytterbium Materials by Means of Sodium Amalgam

Marsh¹,

Kremers²,

Foster³

1957

Inorganic Syntheses

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In the dipositive state, the lanthanonst are chemically similar to the alkaline earth elements and, like the latter, give reciprocal replacement with alkali metal amalgams. This is best studied by the use of sodium amalgam and concentrated solutions of the lanthanon(II1) acetates. 1-6 Acetates of all of the elements of the yttrium and cerium groups are capable of some metal exchange with sodium amalgam, but the samarium, europium, and ytterbium compounds react most readily, presumably because of the ease of reduction to the dipositive state with these materials. Amalgams of those lanthanons which do not yield dipositive ions form much less readily. In the cerium group, except for samarium and europium, metal exchange with sodium amalgam decreases rapidly from lanthanum to gadolinium. In the yttrium group, the decrease is so pronounced that the neighbors of ytterbium give essen-* The Dyson Perrins Laboratory, Oxford, England.t Lindsay Chemical Company, West Chicago, Ill.

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Observations on Rare Earths Extraction of Ytterbium from Rare Earth Mixtures with Sodium Amalgam

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Capturing Rare-Earth Elements by Synthetic Aluminosilicate MCM-22: Mechanistic Understanding of Yb(III) Capture

Capturing Rare-Earth Elements by Synthetic Aluminosilicate MCM-22: Mechanistic Understanding of Yb(III) Capture

A Comparative Study on Recent Developments for Individual Rare Earth Elements Separation

Isolation of Samarium, Europium, and Ytterbium Materials by Means of Sodium Amalgam

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