Observations on Parasites of Gypsy Moth
1
in First Cycle Infestations in Pennsylvania from 1974–1977

Ticehurst, Mark; Fusco, Robert A.; Kling, R. P.; Unger, James D.

doi:10.1093/ee/7.3.355

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…, whereas recovery of one parasitoid from a single host is usual (SABROSKY and REARDON, 1976). This parasitoid appeared to be the most eective gypsy moth parasitoid in Austria (FUESTER et al, 1983), Germany (MAIER, 1990) and the USA (TICEHURST et al, 1978) in the post-culmination outbreak, causing up to 97% parasitism of gypsy moth; whereas our results reveal the lesser eectiveness of this species, similar to reports from France and Poland (FUESTER et al, 1981).…”

Section: Gypsy Moth Parasitoidssupporting

confidence: 88%

Gypsy moth parasitoids in the declining outbreak in Lithuania

Zolubas¹,

Gedminas²,

Shields³

2001

J Applied Entomology

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A 3 year study was conducted on the parasitoids of gypsy moth larvae in two reducing outbreak areas in Lithuania. Overall parasitism of 25.0 ± 2.0% in the first post‐culmination year was significantly lower than the 36.3 ± 1.4 and 35.2 ± 1.4% parasitism in the two subsequent years. When analysed in terms of the life stage at which the host was collected, the total parasitism over 3 years was constantly increasing from 3.1 ± 0.8 in the first to 72.5 ± 2.9% in the sixth instar. Parasetigena silvestris R.‐D. dominated causing 48.7 ± 1.5% parasitism and 16.7 ± 0.6% larval mortality preferably in late instars. Phobocampe disparis Vier. contributed to 21.9 ± 1.2% parasitism and 7.5 ± 0.5% mortality recovering from early instar larvae. Meteorus pulchricornis Wes. parasitized 4.3 ± 0.6% gypsy moth larvae causing 1.5 ± 0.2% mortality and a few Apanteles species provided 2.8 ± 0.6% parasitism and 1.0 ± 0.2% mortality. The gypsy moth in Lithuania was reported to act as host for Rogas sp. (Hym., Braconidae) and Siphona boreata Mes. (Dipt., Tachinidae).

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Section: Gypsy Moth Parasitoidssupporting

confidence: 88%

Gypsy moth parasitoids in the declining outbreak in Lithuania

Zolubas¹,

Gedminas²,

Shields³

2001

J Applied Entomology

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“…Generalists, such as polyphagous tachinids like C. concinnata , which frequently causes high parasitism in North America (e.g. B ARBOSA et al., 1975; T ICEHURST et al., 1978; G OULD et al., 1990; S KINNER et al., 1993), or like Exorista lavarum or Drino incospicua that together with C. concinnata accounted for the highest percentage parasitism in latent gypsy moth populations in former Yugoslavia (S ISOJEVIC , 1979) were recovered only in very low numbers. These species seem to be inferior to the guild of more specialized, oligophagous parasitoids that attacked L. dispar at our locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural enemy complex of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantriidae) in different phases of its population dynamics in eastern Austria and Slovakia – a comparative study

Hoch

Zubrik

Novotný

et al. 2001

J Applied Entomology

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Parasitism and pathogen mortality of Lymantria dispar were compared between host populations of different densities in Slovakia and Austria. Over a period of 4 years, L. dispar eggs, larvae, and pupae were collected in a stage‐specific manner at three mixed oak stands in each country and reared in the laboratory to assess parasitoid and pathogen mortality. At sites with low host densities, L. dispar abundance was artificially augmented by exposing egg masses and young larvae. We ascertained marked differences between the natural enemy complexes of L. dispar populations in Slovakia and Austria. Overall, pathogens caused highest mortality in the former and parasitoids in the latter. Moreover, the species composition differed significantly between both countries. High variation was also observed between years and host populations at different densities. The investigations revealed that egg parasitization was low in Slovak L. dispar populations, and no egg parasitoids were found in Austria. Larval and pupal parasitism was low at sites with outbreak populations, but higher at the Austrian than at the Slovak site. The tachinid Parasetigena silvestris was the dominant species at elevated host densities. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus also caused significant mortality in these cases. An increase in parasitism by several species was noticed after the breakdown of L. dispar populations. The ichneumonid Phobocampe spp. caused high levels of parasitism during the post‐culmination years. At sites where host abundance increased in the first year of the study, significant differences between the Austrian and the Slovak locality could be ascertained. Mortality was low in the population at the latter site, and host abundance increased to outbreak levels the year after. The population at the Austrian site suffered high parasitism by the tachinids P. silvestris and Blepharipa pratensis and this might have contributed to the prevention of a further increase in L. dispar abundance in this locality. Braconids showed a strong reaction to the local, artificial increase in host density at study plots with innocuous L. dispar populations. Particularly high parasitism by Glyptapanteles liparidis was observed at the Austrian site, but G. porthetriae and Cotesia melanoscela also accounted for significant mortality in both low‐density populations. The artificial L. dispar populations were usually eradicated by natural enemies before pupation of the hosts.

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“…Smith 1929; Fisher 1961; Miller 1977; Zwölfer 1979; Vinson & Iwantsch 1980). In rare cases, however, adults of two or more parasitoid species emerge from a single host individual (Salt 1961; Ticehurst et al . 1978; Miller 1982; Weseloh 1983; Godwin & Odell 1984; Kaneko 1995; Kan et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within‐plant vertical distributions of the scale insectNipponaclerda biwakoensisand its five parasitoids that exhibit frequent successful multiparasitism on the common reed

Kaneko

2004

Entomological Science

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Within-shoot vertical distributions of the scale insect Nipponaclerda biwakoensis , five species of gregarious parasitoid wasps attacking the scale, and successful multiparasitism (emergence of multiple parasitoid species from a single host) by the parasitoids on the common reed were investigated. Each reed shoot collected was longer than 2.0 m, and was divided into pieces of 0.5 m each from the base of the shoot. The mean number of adult female scales per 0.5 m of shoot increased with height, but the mean rate of overall parasitism of the female scales decreased with height. The five parasitoids showed species-specific withinshoot distribution patterns, with respect to the rate of parasitism: Astymachus japonicus , Boucekiella depressa and Encyrtidae sp. 2 showed the greatest rates of parasitism at heights of 0-0.5, 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-1.5 m, respectively. The parasitism rate by Aprostocetus sp. was higher at the lower half of the shoots, whereas that by Encyrtidae sp. 1 was higher at the central positions. The distribution of the five parasitoids largely overlapped with each other at the level of scale aggregations. Nevertheless, successful multiparasitism occurred frequently only in several types of species combinations that involved two parasitoid species showing similar within-shoot distribution patterns. The rate of successful multiparasitism by B. depressa with A. japonicus or Aprostocetus sp., and that by Encyrtidae sp. 2 with Encyrtidae sp. 1 was constantly high at different vertical positions on the shoots. This may be because B. depressa and Encyrtidae sp. 2 preferentially oviposit into scales previously parasitized by these other species.

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Observations on Parasites of Gypsy Moth 1 in First Cycle Infestations in Pennsylvania from 1974–1977

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Gypsy moth parasitoids in the declining outbreak in Lithuania

Gypsy moth parasitoids in the declining outbreak in Lithuania

The natural enemy complex of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantriidae) in different phases of its population dynamics in eastern Austria and Slovakia – a comparative study

Within‐plant vertical distributions of the scale insectNipponaclerda biwakoensisand its five parasitoids that exhibit frequent successful multiparasitism on the common reed

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