Observations on Opal Phytoliths in a Soil Biosequence in Southeastern Minnesota

Verma, S. D.; Rust, R. H.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300050035x

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…For technical reasons both methods (Jones 1969 andHerbauts et al 1994) used the particle size fraction 20-50 lm, although the fraction 5-20 lm usually contains high amounts of phytoliths (Jones and Beavers 1964;Verma and Rust 1969;Yeck and Gray 1972). Therefore, these methods can be applied for comparison of phytolith contents of different soil samples, e.g.…”

Section: Sodium Hydroxide (Naoh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methodologies for extracting plant-available and amorphous Si from soils and aquatic sediments

Saccone²,

et al. 2006

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There is a variety of methodologies used in the aquatic sciences and soil sciences for extracting different forms of Si from sediments and soils. However, a comparison of the published extraction techniques is lacking. Here we review the methodologies used to extract different Si fractions from soils and sediments. Methods were classified in those to assess plant-available Si and those to extract Si from amorphous silica and allophane. Plant-available Si is supposed to comprise silicic acid in soil solution and adsorbed to soil particles. Extraction techniques for plant-available Si include extractions with water, CaCl 2 , acetate, acetic acid, phosphate, H 2 SO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , and citrate. The extractants show different capabilites to desorb silicic acid, with H 2 SO 3 , H 2 SO 4 and citrate having the greater extraction potential. The most common extractants to dissolve amorphous silica from soils and aquatic sediments are NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 , but both also dissolve crystalline silicates to varying degrees. In soils moreover Tiron is used to dissolve amorphous silica, while oxalate is used to dissolve allophanes and imogolite-type materials. Most techniques analyzing for biogenic silica in aquatic environments use a correction method to identify mineral derived Si. By contrast, in the soil sciences no correction methods are used although pedologists are well aware of the overestimation of amorphous silica by the NaOH extraction, which is most commonly used to extract silica from soils. It is recommended that soil scientists begin to use the techniques developed in the aquatic sciences, since it seems impossible to extract amorphous Si from soils completely without dissolving some of the crystalline silicates.

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Section: Sodium Hydroxide (Naoh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methodologies for extracting plant-available and amorphous Si from soils and aquatic sediments

Saccone²,

et al. 2006

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“…Tremble : 1,2 p. 100 Si02 (P. S.) (Kutuzova, 1968) ; Bouleau : 0,3 à 0,4 p. 100 (Ovington, 1955 ;Kutuzova, 1968) ; Hêtre (Fagus sylvatica et Fagus grandifolia) : 0,5 à 2,4 p. 100 (Fiedler et Höhne, 1965 ;Wilding et Drees, 1971 ;Pavlov, 1972 ;Geis, 1973 ; ; Chêne (6 espèces) : 0,1 à 0,9 p. 100 (Ovington, 1955 ;Fiedler et Höhne, 1965 ;Verma et Rust, 1969 ;Geis, 1973 ;Wilding et Drees, 1974 ; …”

Section: Feuillusunclassified

Cycle et rôle du silicium d'origine végétale dans les écosystèmes forestiers tempérés

Bartoli¹,

Souchier²

1978

Ann. Sci. forest.

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RésuméLa silice est à la fois constituant essentiel des minéraux des sols et de la composition minérale des végétaux. Elle est en effet intensément recyclée par la végétation où elle est stockée dans les tissus épi-dermiques des feuilles sous forme d'incrustations siliceuses appelées phytolithes.L'étude de cette silice d'origine végétale permet de différencier les écosystèmes forestiers et les teneurs en silice foliaire donnent des informations physiologiques, pédogénétiques, voire sylvicoles et agronomiques, très intéressantes.Ainsi, la teneur en silice foliaire est un bon indicateur de la transpiration de la plante, et par là, un élément de diagnostic pour utiliser certaines pratiques sylvicoles d'irrigation ou d'éclaircies.D'autre part, la silice d'origine végétale (phytolithes) est un bon traceur de l'activité biologique des litières et de l'humus. Ainsi, les phytolithes s'accumulent dans les podzols, à activité biologique ralentie, où elles fixent dans les horizons spodiques Bh une partie de l'azote facilement accessible à l'activité biologique.A l'opposé, les phytolithes sont rapidement biodégradés en milieu biologiquement actif et le silicium rendu ainsi assimilable pour la végétation, permettrait d'augmenter la croissance des peuplements forestiers.

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“…Procedures for counting, classification, and quantification of phytolith data are not standardized, however, and vary greatly among analysts. Most studies using phytoliths to distinguish grassland from forested environments have used bulk density of silica in soil to indicate the presence or absence of grass cover (Witty and Knox 1964;Wilding andDrees 1968, 1971;Verma and Rust 1969;Bonnett 1972). Application of the phytolith assemblage concept to this question has yielded encouraging results (Pearsall 1981a).…”

Section: Nature and Analysis Of Phytolithsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytolith Analysis: Applications of a New Paleoethnobotanical Technique in Archeology

Pearsall¹

1982

American Anthropologist

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Observations on Opal Phytoliths in a Soil Biosequence in Southeastern Minnesota

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Review of methodologies for extracting plant-available and amorphous Si from soils and aquatic sediments

Review of methodologies for extracting plant-available and amorphous Si from soils and aquatic sediments

Cycle et rôle du silicium d'origine végétale dans les écosystèmes forestiers tempérés

Phytolith Analysis: Applications of a New Paleoethnobotanical Technique in Archeology

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