Observations on heavy metal geochemical associations in polluted and non-polluted estuarine sediments

Correlations between Geo-Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni) in Surface Sediments and Their Concentrations in Giant Mudskipper (<i>Periophthalmodon schlosseri</i>) Collected from the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

“…The dried sediment samples were crushed to powder by using a porcelain mortar and pestle then sieved vigorously to produce homogeneity [12] (Ismail, 1993), through a 63 µm stainless steel aperture sieve. Geochemical fractions of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni in the sediments were determined by modified sequential extraction technique (SET) as described by [14] Badri and Aston (1983) and [15] Tessier and Campbell (1987).…”

“…The mathematical summation of the first three types of fractions constitutes the "non-resistant phase which is closely related to anthropogenic inputs" [14] (Badri and Aston, 1983).…”

Distribution and contamination pattern of heavy metals from surface sediments in the southern part of Caspian Sea, Iran

“…Speciation of Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Cu in sediment samples Geochemical fractions of Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Cu in surface sediments were obtained using a modified sequential extraction technique (SET) as described by Badri and Aston [18] and Naji et al [19] The four-fraction solution and conditions applied were as follows:…”

“…These metals, originating from non-anthropogenic inputs, were considered to be trapped within silicate minerals, and incorporated into the crystalline lattice positions of minerals. [18,27] Comparison of non-resistant and resistant fraction between stations…”

“…[18] The non-resistant fractions (the sum of fractions 1, 2, and 3) found in surface sediments are an ecotoxicological concern. Besides posing a threat to living organisms, these non-resistant 37) fractions are most likely due to anthropogenic inputs rather than having natural origins.…”