Observations on Certain Rheological Properties of Human Cervical Secretion

Clift, Arthur

doi:10.1177/003591574503900101

Cited by 47 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…3. Spinnbarkeit, according to the method described by Clift (1945) with the precautions suggested by Lagergren (19SP). By experience,…”

Section: Collection Of Cervical Mucus Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Proteins of Cervical Mucus and the Influence of Progestagens

Elstein

1970

BJOG

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Summary A study is presented of the proteins of cervical mucus in relation to its changing physical properties. The effects of various low dose progestagens on these characteristics were investigated. A technique was developed to solubilize cervical mucus so that protein quantitation, reproducible disc electrophoresis and immunodiffusion could be carried out. Protein concentration reached a nadir at midcycle. Whe n progestagens of the 17‐α‐acetoxy series were given the lowest level was significantly higher than at midcycle in normal cycles and when norgestrel 75 μg. was administered at which time only albumin was present. In progestational states the concentration of protein was higher and in addition immunoglobulins and transferrin were present. These findings support the hypothesis that the 17‐α‐acetoxy progestagens exert their major contraceptive action through an effect on the cervical mucus. In contrast, norgestrel at doses of 75 μg. probably has its major action by disturbing ovarian steroidogenesis. It is concluded that the “serum‐like” proteins might play a significant role as a cross‐linking agent between the thread‐like glycoproteins. It is suggested that studies of the protein changes in the cervical mucus during administration of various progestational agents in relation to their effects on hormone output, might be applied in the search for a contraceptive with an optimal cervical mucus effect.

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“…3. Spinnbarkeit, according to the method described by Clift (1945) with the precautions suggested by Lagergren (19SP). By experience,…”

Section: Collection Of Cervical Mucus Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Proteins of Cervical Mucus and the Influence of Progestagens

Elstein

1970

BJOG

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“…Several factors have been related to the rheology of vaginal fluid such as flow elasticity (Scott Blair et al. 1941; Scott Blair & Glover, 989), plasticity (Chrétien, 1974), tack (Marcus & Marcus, 1963; Chrétien, 1974), spinnbarkeit (Clift, 1945; Moghissi, 1980) or viscosity and viscoelasticity (Eliezer, 1974; Wolf et al. 1977; Tam et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological and ultrastructural properties of bovine vaginal fluid obtained at oestrus

et al. 2002

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The properties of cervical-vaginal fluid are under strict hormonal control: and in mammals in which semen is deposited in the anterior vagina, changes produced in these properties can result in a lower or higher resistance to sperm motion. The aim of this study was to determine whether the structural organization of bovine vaginal fluid is related to its rheological properties. Vaginal fluid samples were collected from 41 cows at oestrus: 20 at the middle of oestrus (between 8 and 12 h after starting) and 21 at the end of oestrus (between 18 and 22 h). Flow behaviour was determined using a viscosimeter, and the ultrastructural analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy. Six samples showed newtonian behaviour: three collected at the middle and three collected at the end of oestrus. Newtonian samples had dense and compact matrices arranged as membranes with rough, irregular surfaces, and sparse, thin filaments (< 150 nm). Non-newtonian samples collected at the end of oestrus (n = 18) had a higher (P = 0.016) consistency index (K = 944 ± 229 mPa.s n ) than those collected at the middle of oestrus (n = 17; K = 237 ± 84 mPa.s n ). Thick filaments (> 700 nm) that were either randomly arranged with thinner filaments forming a mesh or heavily cross-linked by thin filaments (50-150 nm) were observed in all non-newtonian samples collected at the end of oestrus, while medium-diameter filaments (between 200 and 500 nm) forming loose networks were observed in non-newtonian samples collected at the middle of oestrus. These findings indicate a close relationship between the molecular organization of the structural elements of bovine vaginal fluid and its rheological behaviour. Vaginal fluid dramatically reduces its mechanical barrier effect during the course of oestrus but always appears to maintain its three-dimensional filamentous structure. The images of vaginal fluid showing newtonian behaviour would appear to support previous results, suggesting that this property may be related to bovine infertility.

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“…It was later concluded that variations in the chloride concentra¬ tion were only apparent and that the test indicated, indirectly, the quantity of 154 C. J. Mahoney mucus secreted by the cervical glands (McSweeney & Sbarra, 1965). They compared the results of this technique with the fern test (Papanicolaou, 1946;Rydeberg, 1948;Campos da Paz, 1951), spinnbarkeit (Clift, 1945;Cohen, Stein & Kaye, 1952) and the cornification index of the vaginal smear cytology (Papanicolaou, 1933). A modification of this method was adapted by Hardy, Lewis, Little & Swyer (1970) and comparison was made with the basal body temperature shift (Rubenstein, 1937;Riley, Dontas & Gill, 1955) and the karyopycnotic index of the vaginal smear in human volunteers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Menstrual Cycle in Macaca Irus With Special Reference to the Detection of Ovulation

Mahoney¹

1970

Reproduction

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Three methods were used for the detection of ovulation in twenty-five cycles of sixteen monkeys of the species Macaca irus: (1) rectal palpation of the urogenital tract, (2) the karyopycnotic index (KPI) of the vaginal smear cytology, and (3) a simple chemical test for the ap¬ parent changes in the chloride content of the vaginal mucus.Daily vaginal smears were necessary to indicate the first day of the menstrual cycle as, in some animals, menstruation began as an occult flow lasting 1 to 3 days. Rectal palpation of the uterus and ovaries gave the precise time of ovulation and was the only method which would differentiate, with certainty, between ovulation and anovulation.Both KPI and the vaginal mucus chloride test failed to indicate accur¬ ately the time of ovulation, and in some cases gave a false indication of ovulation, but the chloride test did give several days' warning that ovula¬ tion was imminent.

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Observations on Certain Rheological Properties of Human Cervical Secretion

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

The Proteins of Cervical Mucus and the Influence of Progestagens

The Proteins of Cervical Mucus and the Influence of Progestagens

Rheological and ultrastructural properties of bovine vaginal fluid obtained at oestrus

A Study of the Menstrual Cycle in Macaca Irus With Special Reference to the Detection of Ovulation

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