Observations on Aphid Cornicle Secretions

Strong, Frank E.

doi:10.1093/aesa/60.3.668

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…When aphids are disturbed, as they were during extraction, they secrete drops of waxy material. Analyses of this substance by Strong 22 and Callow et al 23 found it to be triacylglycerols rich in mirystic acid (C 14:0 ). Free fatty acids even-numbered are present in all extracts studied here with distribution typical for insects, between C 12 (saturated) and C 18 (saturated and unsaturated).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In vitro effects of cuticular lipids of the aphids Sitobion avenae, Hyalopterus pruni and Brevicoryne brassicae on growth and sporulation of the Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Beauveria bassiana

Szafranek¹,

Maliński²,

Nawrot³

et al. 2002

Arkivoc

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The exoskeleton lipids of three dangerous pests, Sitobion avenae, Hyalopterus pruni and Brevicoryne brassicae were identified by GC/MS studies. The main components found were triacylglycerols with one hexanoyl group. Fatty acid composition and position of triacylglycerols were determined from mass spectra. There was a trace of triacylglycerol with the E,E-2,4-hexadienoyl group in the extract of Brevicoryne brassicae. A series of hydrocarbons and free fatty acids were identified. Single components of straight chain aldehyde (C 30 ) and alcohol (C 32 ) were detected in the lipids of H. pruni, B. brassicae. Free fatty acids, including these found in the aphid lipids, were subjected to fungi-insect ecological studies. A homologous series of acids were added individually into media used to evaluate the mycelia growth and sporulation tests of the fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. The tests were performed in vitro and linear mycelial growth and sporulation of fungi after 14 days were measured. For both fungi, complete inhibition was observed with pentanoic and sorbic (E,E-2,4-hexadienoic) acids at a concentration as low as 0.02% w/v in both tests. Growth stimulation effects were only observed for B. bassiana with tetradecanoic and eicosanoic acid. Inhibitions were noticed for both fungi and the strongest effects were for dodecanoic (B. b.) and eicosanoic acid (P. f.). Beside free fatty acids, no other group of chemical compounds was found in the lipids which could be involved in aphids resistance to entomopathogenic fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In vitro effects of cuticular lipids of the aphids Sitobion avenae, Hyalopterus pruni and Brevicoryne brassicae on growth and sporulation of the Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Beauveria bassiana

Szafranek¹,

Maliński²,

Nawrot³

et al. 2002

Arkivoc

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“…of natural enemies (Strong, 1967) permanently or temporarily incapacitating the attacker (Butler and O'Neil, 2006). However, aphids typically emit cornicle droplets not when initially encountering a predator but only after being physically attacked (Nault and Phelan, 1984), resulting in the emitter's escape in only w10% of attacks (Dixon, 1958;Edwards, 1966).…”

Section: Benefits and Costs Related To Emission Of Aphid Alarm Pheromonementioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid alarm pheromone: An overview of current knowledge on biosynthesis and functions

Vandermoten

Mescher

Francis

et al. 2012

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

129

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“…mouthparts, antennae etc.) of the attacking enemies (Strong 1967) and the contained volatile (E)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene or (E)-/?-farnesene (EBF) elicits defence or dispersal of nearby aphids, operating as an alarm pheromone (Bowers et al 1972;Edwards et al 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-?-farnesene: A host finding kairomone for the aphid primary parasitoidAphidius uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)

Micha

Wyss

1996

Chemoecology

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Summary. The present study aimed to test the possible function of the aphid alarm pheromone (E)-/?-farnesene (EBF) as a host finding kairomone for aphid primary parasitoids. Extracts of volatile emissions of undisturbed aphids and of aphids under parasitoid attack were obtained by air entrainment. Extracts of cornicle secretions were gained by disturbing aphids and taking their secretions into solution. Extracts were compared by gas chromatography. Only air entrainments of aphids under attack and solvent extracts of cornicle secretions contained the alarm pheromone. In Ytube olfactometer bioassays, female A. uzbekistanicus were attracted to aphid groups under attack of parasitoids, presumably by released EBF. High concentrations of synthetic EBF (1.4 gg to 5.7 gg) also attracted A. uzbekistanicus females. Females with oviposition experience reacted more readily to lower concentrations of EBF than females without experience. In experiments designed as Petri-dish bioassays, the test animals could contact filter paper discs that were treated with solutions containing EBF. Behavioural effects like antennation or stinging attack were not observed. With computer video analysis of parasitoid movements, some effects on A. uzbekistanicus behaviour were detected, again indicating attraction to EBF.As the volatile aphid alarm pheromone attracted A. uzbekistanicus females, it can be concluded that this chemical stimulus acts as a host finding kairomone for this parasitoid species. However, its effect over long distances seems to be limited due to the relatively high concentrations required for reactions. Of two other parasitoid species examined (P. volucre and L. testaceipes) only P. volucre was also significantly attracted to the volatile EBF in the Y-tube olfactometer.

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Observations on Aphid Cornicle Secretions

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

In vitro effects of cuticular lipids of the aphids Sitobion avenae, Hyalopterus pruni and Brevicoryne brassicae on growth and sporulation of the Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Beauveria bassiana

In vitro effects of cuticular lipids of the aphids Sitobion avenae, Hyalopterus pruni and Brevicoryne brassicae on growth and sporulation of the Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Beauveria bassiana

Aphid alarm pheromone: An overview of current knowledge on biosynthesis and functions

Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-?-farnesene: A host finding kairomone for the aphid primary parasitoidAphidius uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)

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