Observations on a diatom bloom in Loch Leven, Scotland

Bailey‐Watts, A. E.; Lund, John W.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1973.tb00704.x

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Given primary production at low water of 200mg C*m-* *d-l, most of which was accounted for by diatoms (Lewis 1988), and a travel time of at least four weeks (Saunders & Lewis 1988b), an estimate can be made of biological Si immobilization. Frustules account for approximately 40% of the dry mass of diatoms (Bailey-Watts et al 1973;Reynolds 1976). Given a mean channel depth of about 2m, this would indicate uptake of approximately 2 mg Si/L as the river crossed the Llanos.…”

Section: Patterns Of Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of major solutes and the relationship between solute concentrations and discharge in the Apure River, Venezuela

Saunders

Lewis

1989

Biogeochemistry

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Abstract. The Apure River is a major white-water tributary of the Orinoco River in Venezuela. The Apure is rich in solutes; its contribution to dissolved inorganic solids in the Orinoco (24%) is proportionately much greater than its contribution to discharge (6%). About 40% of the calcium and bicarbonate at the mouth of the Orinoco originate in the Apure drainage. The relationship between discharge and the concentrations of major solutes in the Apure was characterized with a two-compartment hyperbolic mixing model. Previous applications of the two-compartment model have been based on separate determinations of the model parameter p, which is a constant describing watershed hydrology, for each solute from data on concentrations. The use of a weighted mean /I for all solutes is proposed as a means of assessing the importance of processes other than mixing. The model, when used on the Apure data, shows that a strong dilution effect prevails for sodium, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, and bicarbonate, and that a strong purging effect (increase of concentration with increasing discharge) is characteristic of soluble silicon. Biological immobilization of soluble silicon by diatoms during the season of low discharge is sufficiently large to account for the positive relationship between discharge and the concentration of soluble silicon. Specific transport rates of solutes from the basin are generally higher than global averages. In contrast, specific transport of chloride is low. Atmospheric sources control chloride transport in the Apure watershed; the low transport rates of chloride are probably explained by the great distance between the Apure watershed and the oceanic sources of atmospheric chloride.

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Section: Patterns Of Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of major solutes and the relationship between solute concentrations and discharge in the Apure River, Venezuela

Saunders

Lewis

1989

Biogeochemistry

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“…Bailey-Watts et al, 1990) with a direct bearing on the main topic of this paper, the loch ranks as one of the best-documented in the world. The loch is also special with respect to areas of aquatic science that have been investigated only rarely or not at all elsewhere in the UK: nutrient loadings (Bailey-Watts and Kirika, 1987; Bailey-Watts et al, 1987), nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics over timescales of weeks to decades (Holden and Caines, 1974;Bailey-Watts, 1974, 1978; Bailey-Watts et al, 1990), zooplankton populations, including rotifers (May et al, 1993), and the discovery of various new species, such as a fungal parasite (Canter, 1971), an algophilous protozoan (Canter, 1973;Bailey-Watts and Lund, 1973) and a blue-green alga (Bailey-Watts and Komarek, 1991). The whole amounts to an extensive literature on a shallow system, the functioning of which contrasts markedly with that of the deeper, stratifying waters on which many classic limnological principles are based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus fractionation and mobility in Loch Leven sediments

Farmer¹,

Bailey‐Watts²,

Kirika³

et al. 1994

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. This paper reports on the application of a chemical fractionation scheme for assessing the amounts, forms and potential mobility (recycling potential) of phosphorus in the sediments of the freshwater Loch Leven, which is currently highly topical in relation to eutrophication and its manifest dense, potentially toxic, blue-green algae. The findings are placed in the context of the biological importance of the loch, the problems it is experiencing and some management options for its restoration.2. The fractionation scheme adopted enabled quantification of phosphorus in sediment pore water and in sedimentary solid phases classified as 'loosely-bound', 'reductant-soluble', 'oxide-adsorbed', 'organic', 'apatite-bound' and 'residual' in the sections of a 16-cm core collected in January 1990.3. Vertical profiles of reductant-soluble and pore water phosphorus and iron show redox-controlled remobilization and cycling within the sediment to be the principal mechanisms leading to the surface sediment enrichment of phosphorus observed during the winter months.4. The association of phosphorus with iron oxyhydroxides in the reductant-soluble fraction, which accounts for 31% of the total phosphorus (2470 mg kg-I) in the 0-1 cm section compared with 0.5% loosely-bound, 25.6% oxide-adsorbed, 27.9% organic, 9.9% apatite-bound and 5.1 Yo residual, restricts the release of phosphorus to the overlying water column in winter.5 . Extrapolation of the data to the whole loch suggests that in early 1990 more than 40 tonnes of phosphorus were associated with the surfaces of iron oxyhydroxides in the upper 10 cm of Loch Leven sediment, about five times that required to raise loch water concentrations to maxima of 0.15 mg L-I observed during the algal blooms of summer under conditions favourable to the release of phosphorus from the sediments.6. Despite recent measures to reduce external inputs of phosphorus and thereby limit the degree of eutrophication of Loch Leven, there appears to have been little overall change in the inventory of phosphorus associated with iron in the upper 10 cm of sediment since 1970.7. There should be more detailed seasonal and spatial studies of the chemical fractionation and mobility of phosphorus in Loch Leven sediments to investigate the extent to which release from the reductant-soluble iron oxyhydroxide fraction (internal loading) contributes to the highly elevated phosphorus concentrations in loch water during summer.

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“…So as not to add to the confusion, the present work uses actual dimensions to describe organisms of different sizes. In concentrating on linear dimensions, this paper contrasts with most of the previous publications on Loch Leven phytoplankton in which volume data are prominent (Bailey-Watts & Lund, 1973;Bailey-Watts, 1974. In earlier studies, however, the focus was on biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Seasonal variation in size spectra of phytoplankton assemblages in Loch Leven, Scotland

Bailey‐Watts

1986

Hydrobiologia

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Greatest axial dimensions (GALD) of phytoplankton cells, colonies and filaments etc, are used to describe the size structure of whole assemblages of species in the shallow eutrophic Loch Leven (S.E. Scotland). Twoweekly samples over the period [1979][1980][1981][1982] have been analysed to determine whether variation in size spectra show seasonal trends. Size frequency distributions are displayed using -for the first time in studies of phytoplankton assemblages -the graphical method based on rankits. The paper describes how individuals to be measured were chosen without bias towards any particular type. Seasonal variation in temperature and nutrient concentrations are discussed in relation to algal size structure.In spite of irregular shifts in species composition and abundance, phytoplankton assemblage size spectra (PASS) exhibit seasonal patterns. Early in the year, when temperatures are low and herbivorous zooplankton sparse, small algae ( 15 /tm) predominate. The winter-early spring assemblages often exhibit a normal size frequency distribution. Later in the year larger algae occasionally become relatively more numerous, and skewed or polymodal frequency distributions are recorded. Increases in large algae are usually associated with Daphnia population maxima; the inter-relationship is clearly demonstrated in time-series plots of GALD isopleths and Daphnia numbers.The potential of the PASS method to further knowledge on ecological controls of phytoplankton is discussed. The investigator is compelled to include all species in a sample. The rankit-dimension graphs retain all the data, so the position of each algal measurement and its influence on the size distribution can be observed. This approach may help to identify size ranges of algae removed by a wide variety of grazing zooplankton.

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Observations on a diatom bloom in Loch Leven, Scotland

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Transport of major solutes and the relationship between solute concentrations and discharge in the Apure River, Venezuela

Transport of major solutes and the relationship between solute concentrations and discharge in the Apure River, Venezuela

Phosphorus fractionation and mobility in Loch Leven sediments

Seasonal variation in size spectra of phytoplankton assemblages in Loch Leven, Scotland

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