Observations of Vascular Structures within and Posterior to Sclera in Eyes with Pathologic Myopia by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Ohno‐Matsui, Kyoko; Akïba, Masahiro; Ishibashi, Tatsuro; Moriyama, Muka

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10371

Cited by 50 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Previous reports exist in which imaging artifacts were identified in the OCT imaging of sclera [14]. However, the orientation of the features in our imaging and their connection with Haller's layer vessels are inconsistent with the artifacts and suggest vessels, possibly short ciliary arteries or veins of lymphatics [82,87,91]. In general, careful analysis of features present in images of tissue located underneath highly scattering layers is required to avoid erroneous interpretation of artifacts generated by the imaging methods as real structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Comparison of amplitude-decorrelation, speckle-variance and phase-variance OCT angiography methods for imaging the human retina and choroid

Gorczyńska¹,

Migacz²,

Zawadzki³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

133

112

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Abstract:We compared the performance of three OCT angiography (OCTA) methods: speckle variance, amplitude decorrelation and phase variance for imaging of the human retina and choroid. Two averaging methods, split spectrum and volume averaging, were compared to assess the quality of the OCTA vascular images. All data were acquired using a swept-source OCT system at 1040 nm central wavelength, operating at 100,000 A-scans/s. We performed a quantitative comparison using a contrast-to-noise (CNR) metric to assess the capability of the three methods to visualize the choriocapillaris layer. For evaluation of the static tissue noise suppression in OCTA images we proposed to calculate CNR between the photoreceptor/RPE complex and the choriocapillaris layer. Finally, we demonstrated that implementation of intensity-based OCT imaging and OCT angiography methods allows for visualization of retinal and choroidal vascular layers known from anatomic studies in retinal preparations. OCT projection imaging of data flattened to selected retinal layers was implemented to visualize retinal and choroidal vasculature. User guided vessel tracing was applied to segment the retinal vasculature. The results were visualized in a form of a skeletonized 3D model. Eye (Lond.) 4(2), 262-272 (1990). 4. B. Braaf, K. A. Vermeer, K. V. Vienola, and J. F. de Boer, "Angiography of the retina and the choroid with phase-resolved OCT using interval-optimized backstitched B-scans," Opt. Express 20(18), 20516-20534 (2012 "Real-time speckle variance swept-source optical coherence tomography using a graphics processing unit," Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1557-1564 (2012 Garstecki, and M. Wojtkowski, "Differentiation of morphotic elements in human blood using optical coherence tomography and a microfluidic setup," Opt. Express 23(21), 27724-27738 (2015). 76. W. S. Rasband, "ImageJ," (U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, 1997USA, -2015

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Comparison of amplitude-decorrelation, speckle-variance and phase-variance OCT angiography methods for imaging the human retina and choroid

Gorczyńska¹,

Migacz²,

Zawadzki³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

133

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As expected, the posterior scleral border was better seen as the AL increased and ST decreased: detection rate increased to 98.5% in eyes with AL > 27.5 mm in our study. Aside from difficulties in visualizing the posterior scleral border, the measurement of ST may be confounded by two other factors: First, the long and short posterior ciliary arteries have been observed within the sclera as linear hyporeflective structures on SSOCT 27 and second, a separation of episcleral fibers from scleral fibers have been observed in highly myopic eyes (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Choroidal or Scleral Thickness Related to Myopic Macular Degeneration?

Wong

Phua

Lee

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Wong CW, Phua V, Lee SY, Wong TY, Cheung CMG. Is choroidal or scleral thickness related to myopic macular degeneration? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:907-913. DOI:10.1167/iovs.16-20742 PURPOSE. The relative contribution of mechanical and vascular factors to the pathogenesis of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) is unclear. To address this gap, we examined the association of choroidal thickness (CT) and scleral thickness (ST) with MMD.METHODS. Prospective, clinic-based case series of 62 eyes of 41 patients with high myopia ( À6 diopters or axial length ‡26.5 mm). Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) was performed to measure subfoveal CT and ST. Myopic macular degeneration was graded from fundus photographs according to the International Meta-Analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) classification. Presence of MMD was defined as META-PM category ‡ 2 and severe MMD was defined as category ‡ 3.RESULTS. The distribution of MMD severity was 15 (24.2%) in category 1, 28 (45.2%) in category 2, 10 (16.1%) in category 3, and 9 (14.5%) in category 4. Correlation of MMD severity was strong for subfoveal CT (r ¼ À0.70, P < 0.001) but weak for subfoveal ST (r ¼ À0.31, P ¼ 0.01). Subfoveal CT, but not ST, was independently associated with presence of MMD (age and gender adjusted odds ratio [OR] per 10 lm decrease in CT 1.41, P ¼ 0.002), and subfoveal CT, but not subfoveal ST, was significantly thinner in eyes with severe MMD ( ‡ category 3) than in eyes with mild MMD (CT: 31.5 6 40.5 lm versus 82.0 6 57.1 lm, P < 0.001; ST: 261.6 6 78.5 lm versus 297.0 6 73.8 lm, P ¼ 0.09). CONCLUSIONS.We demonstrated significant thinning of the choroid with increasing MMD severity. In contrast, ST was weakly correlated with MMD. These data suggest progressive loss of choroid may be important in the pathogenesis of MMD.

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“…Perforating scleral vessels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of structural changes of the sclera as investigated by OCT and reported by Pedinielli et al 10 and Ohno-Matsui et al 11 More recently, Querques et al 12 reported on the formation of lacquer cracks in pathologic myopia. Assessed by indocyanine green angiography angiography, Moriyama et al 18 found a lower number of PCAs and a displacement of the entry site in highly myopic eyes compared with controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Multiple sectorial watershed zones meet in the submacular region, presumably making the macula and the avascular zone of the fovea vulnerable to ischemia under certain conditions. 9 Perforating scleral vessels (PSVs) have been visualized as linear hyporeflective structures at the level of the sclera by EDI-SDOCT and swept-source OCT in pathologic myopia as reported by Pedinielli et al 10 and Ohno-Matsui et al 11 More recently, perforating scleral vessels have been investigated in connection with lacquer cracks in pathologic myopia by Querques et al 12 They have been hypothesized to act as "locus minoris resistentiae," leading to scleral expansion and lacquer crack formation. Because of low signal-to-noise ratio, the visualization of PSVs in emmetropic eyes has been more problematic to date.…”

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confidence: 88%

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Submacular Perforating Scleral Vessels by Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography

Rothenbuehler

Maloca

Scholl

et al. 2018

Retina

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Purpose: To analyze submacular perforating scleral vessels (PSVs) using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-SDOCT). Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 11 healthy women were included in this retrospective study. Central EDI-SDOCT scans (3 × 4.5 × 1.9 mm, 13.5 mm2 scan area) were acquired and postprocessed by denoising, manual sclera segmentation, and PSV investigated by five graders. Results: Mean age was 22.4 ± 6.2 years. Mean refractive error was −0.44 ± 0.8 diopters. Mean axial length was 23.08 ± 0.63 mm. The coefficient of agreement for grading was good. Mean number of submacular PSVs was 0.33 ± 0.2 per mm2 (range from 0 to 9 per eye). Subfield analysis showed 0.2 ± 0.5 (range 0–2) and 2.1 ± 1.8 (range 0–7) vessels, respectively, for central 1-mm diameter and 3-mm diameter. Quadrant analysis showed 0.7 ± 0.9, 0.5 ± 0.9, 0.3 ± 0.6, and 0.4 ± 0.6 vessels, respectively for superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants. Total number of PSV showed no significant side difference (median difference 0.5, confidence interval −3.0 to 3.0, P = 0.94) or an influence of axial length (P = 0.16). Conclusion: This is the first description of three-dimensional EDI-SDOCT visualization of submacular PSV in healthy eyes. This method allows for in vivo imaging of a critical component of outer retinal perfusion at the posterior pole.

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Observations of Vascular Structures within and Posterior to Sclera in Eyes with Pathologic Myopia by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Comparison of amplitude-decorrelation, speckle-variance and phase-variance OCT angiography methods for imaging the human retina and choroid

Comparison of amplitude-decorrelation, speckle-variance and phase-variance OCT angiography methods for imaging the human retina and choroid

Is Choroidal or Scleral Thickness Related to Myopic Macular Degeneration?

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Submacular Perforating Scleral Vessels by Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography

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