Observations of Tropical Stratospheric Winds before World War II

Hamilton, Kevin

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<1367:ootswb>2.0.co;2

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Remember that the greenhouse gas emissions travel vertically to the troposphere with the poison gases trapped in the atmospheric cells over the pollutants' locations [9].…”

Section: Comparisons Of Arctic Antarctica Sea Ice Sheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Sheet Melt and Ozone Hole Variations on Three Solar Cycles Possible Anthropogenic Interactions

Hagen¹,

Azevedo²

2022

ACS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper investigated the information about Ice sheet melt and Ozone hole variations during three solar cycles. After performing the inquiry on the data, the final results pointed out that both phenomena varying accord with Earth's seasonality. The sea melt extension depends on the season and if the ocean waters are warmer around the polar caps. We checked the suggestion that anthropogenic perturbations could influence the variations in both phenomena.

show abstract

“…Remember that the greenhouse gas emissions travel vertically to the troposphere with the poison gases trapped in the atmospheric cells over the pollutants' locations [9].…”

Section: Comparisons Of Arctic Antarctica Sea Ice Sheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Sheet Melt and Ozone Hole Variations on Three Solar Cycles Possible Anthropogenic Interactions

Hagen¹,

Azevedo²

2022

ACS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The early results were summarized by Schove (1969) and Hamilton (1998). After the 1950s, when a global radiosonde network was built up, stratospheric winds were operationally observed in the equatorial region.…”

Section: Historical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Multidecadal variations of the effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the climate system

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on tropospheric climate are not always strong or they appear only intermittently. Studying them requires long time series of both the QBO and climate variables, which has restricted previous studies to the past 30-50 years. Here we use the benefits of an existing QBO reconstruction back to 1908. We first investigate additional, newly digitized historical observations of stratospheric winds to test the reconstruction. Then we use the QBO time series to analyse atmospheric data sets (reconstructions and reanalyses) as well as the results of coupled ocean-atmosphere-chemistry climate model simulations that were forced with the reconstructed QBO. We investigate effects related to (1) tropical-extratropical interaction in the stratosphere, wave-mean flow interaction and subsequent downward propagation, and (2) interaction between deep tropical convection and stratospheric flow. We generally find weak connections, though some are statistically significant over the 100-year period and consistent with model results. Apparent multidecadal variations in the connection between the QBO and the investigated climate responses are consistent with a small effect in the presence of large variability, with one exception: the imprint on the northern polar vortex, which is seen in recent reanalysis data, is not found in the period . Conversely, an imprint in Berlin surface air temperature is only found in but not in the recent period. Likewise, in the model simulations both links tend to appear alternatingly, suggesting a more systematic modulation due to a shift in the circulation, for example. Over the Pacific warm pool, we find increased convection during easterly QBO, mainly in boreal winter in observation-based data as well as in the model simulations, with large variability. No QBO effects were found in the Indian monsoon strength or Atlantic hurricane frequency.

show abstract

“…Stratospheric wind observations were very sparse prior to the 1950s. The early results were summarized by Schove (1969) and Hamilton (1998). After the 1950s, when a global radiosonde network was built up, stratospheric winds were operationally observed in the equatorial region.…”

Section: Historical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Authors' response to the reviewrs' comments

Brönnimann¹

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on tropospheric climate are not always strong or they appear only intermittently. Studying them requires long time series of both the QBO and climate variables, which has restricted previous studies to the past 30-50 years. Here we use the benefits of an existing QBO reconstruction back to 1908. We first investigate additional, newly digitized historical observations of stratospheric winds to test the reconstruction. Then we use the QBO time series to analyse atmospheric data sets (reconstructions and reanalyses) as well as the results of coupled ocean-atmosphere-chemistry climate model simulations that were forced with the reconstructed QBO. We investigate effects related to (1) tropical-extratropical interaction in the stratosphere, wave-mean flow interaction and subsequent downward propagation, and (2) interaction between deep tropical convection and stratospheric flow. We generally find weak connections, though some are statistically significant over the 100-year period and consistent with model results. Apparent multidecadal variations in the connection between the QBO and the investigated climate responses are consistent with a small effect in the presence of large variability, with one exception: the imprint on the northern polar vortex, which is seen in recent reanalysis data, is not found in the period 1908-1957. Conversely, an imprint in Berlin surface air temperature is only found in 1908-1957 but not in the recent period. Likewise, in the model simulations both links tend to appear alternatingly, suggesting a more systematic modulation due to a shift in the circulation, for example. Over the Pacific warm pool, we find increased convection during easterly QBO, mainly in boreal winter in observation-based data as well as in the model simulations, with large variability. No QBO effects were found in the Indian monsoon strength or Atlantic hurricane frequency.

show abstract

Observations of Tropical Stratospheric Winds before World War II

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Ice Sheet Melt and Ozone Hole Variations on Three Solar Cycles Possible Anthropogenic Interactions

Ice Sheet Melt and Ozone Hole Variations on Three Solar Cycles Possible Anthropogenic Interactions

Multidecadal variations of the effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the climate system

Authors' response to the reviewrs' comments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About