Observations of triboelectric charging effects on Langmuir‐type probes in dusty plasma

Barjatya, Aroh; Swenson, C.

doi:10.1029/2006ja011806

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Fig. 16 The DICE LPs are deployed following launch, and extend from both ends of the sensor-sat so as to maximize wake free exposure throughout the orbit Traditionally, to acquire high resolution relative electron density measurement, an LP has been operated at a fixed-bias in the electron saturation region (Barjatya and Swenson 2006). However, at DICE spacecraft orbital speeds, the magnitude of ion ram current is significantly higher than the ion thermal current.…”

Section: Langmuir Probe (Lp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Development, Implementation, and On-orbit Performance of the Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment Mission

et al. 2014

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Funded by the NSF CubeSat and NASA ELaNa programs, the Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment (DICE) mission consists of two 1.5U CubeSats which were launched into an eccentric low Earth orbit on October 28, 2011. Each identical spacecraft carries two Langmuir probes to measure ionospheric in-situ plasma densities, electric field probes to measure in-situ DC and AC electric fields, and a science grade magnetometer to measure in-situ DC and AC magnetic fields. Given the tight integration of these multiple sensors with the CubeSat platforms, each of the DICE spacecraft is effectively a "sensorsat" capable of comprehensive ionospheric diagnostics. The use of two identical sensor-sats at slightly different orbiting velocities in nearly identical orbits permits the de-convolution of spatial and temporal ambiguities in the observations of the ionosphere from a moving platform. In addition to demonstrating nanosat-based constellation science, the DICE mission is advancing a number of groundbreaking CubeSat technologies including miniaturized mechanisms and high-speed downlink communications.

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Section: Langmuir Probe (Lp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Development, Implementation, and On-orbit Performance of the Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment Mission

et al. 2014

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“…Among these are the nucleation of mesospheric ice particles (e.g., Rapp and Thomas, 2006), the mesospheric metal chemistry , the D-region charge balance (e.g., Rapp and Lübken, 2001), the heterogeneous formation of water vapour in the mesosphere (Summers et al, 2001), and even the nucleation of polar stratospheric cloud particles which play a major role in the formation of the ozone hole (e.g., Voigt et al, 2005). While some progress regarding the experimental investigation of these atmospheric trace species has been made over the past years with sounding rockets (e.g., Schulte and Arnold, 1992;Gelinas et al, 1998;Horányi et al, 2000;Rapp et al, 2005;Lynch et al, 2005;Barjatya and Swenson, 2006;Amyx et al, 2008;Strelnikova et al, 2009;Rapp et al, 2010), incoherent scatter radars Strelnikova et al, 2007;Fentzke et al, 2009), satellites (Hervig et al, 2009(Hervig et al, , 2012, and laboratory studies (Saunders and Plane, 2006), much of our knowledge about these particles still relies on model results (e.g., Hunten et al, 1980;Gabrielli et al, 2004;Megner et al, 2006Megner et al, , 2008Bardeen et al, 2008). Among other things, very little is still known about the physical and chemical properties of MSPs such as their composition and their electrical and optical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ observations of meteor smoke particles (MSP) during the Geminids 2010: constraints on MSP size, work function and composition

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We present in situ observations of meteoric smoke particles (MSP) obtained during three sounding rocket flights in December 2010 in the frame of the final campaign of the Norwegian-German ECOMA project (ECOMA = Existence and Charge state Of meteoric smoke particles in the Middle Atmosphere). The flights were conducted before, at the maximum activity, and after the decline of the Geminids which is one of the major meteor showers over the year. Measurements with the ECOMA particle detector yield both profiles of naturally charged particles (Faraday cup measurement) as well as profiles of photoelectrons emitted by the MSPs due to their irradiation by photons of a xenon-flash lamp. The column density of negatively charged MSPs decreased steadily from flight to flight which is in agreement with a corresponding decrease of the sporadic meteor flux recorded during the same period. This implies that the sporadic meteors are a major source of MSPs while the additional influx due to the shower meteors apparently did not play any significant role. Surprisingly, the profiles of photoelectrons are only partly compatible with this observation: while the photoelectron current profiles obtained during the first and third flight of the campaign showed a qualitatively similar behaviour as the MSP charge density data, the profile from the second flight (i.e., at the peak of the Geminids) shows much smaller photoelectron currents. This may tentatively be interpreted as a different MSP composition (and, hence, different photoelectric properties) during this second flight, but at this stage we are not in a position to conclude that there is a cause and effect relation between the Geminids and this observation. Finally, the ECOMA particle detector used during the first and third flight employed three instead of only one xenon flash lamp where each of the three lamps used for one flight had a different window material resulting in different cut off wavelengths for these three lamp types. Taking into account these data along with simple model estimates as well as rigorous quantum chemical calculations, it is argued that constraints on MSP sizes, work function and composition can be inferred. Comparing the measured data to a simple model of the photoelectron currents, we tentatively conclude that we observed MSPs in the 0.5-3 nm size range with generally increasing particle size with decreasing altitude. Notably, this size information can be obtained because different MSP particle sizes are expected to result in different work functions which is both supported by simple classical arguments as well as quantum chemical calculations. clusters, rather than metal silicates, are the major constituents of the smoke particles.

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“…It is now becoming increasingly clear that secondary charging effects, due to impacting dust particles on rocket payloads and their probes, can affect some measurements (Zadorozhny et al, 1993;Havnes et al, 1996;Vostrikov et al, 1997;Gumbel and Witt, 1998) and probably sometimes totally dominate them (Barjatya and Swenson, 2006;Havnes and Naesheim, 2007). In the last paper, it was demonstrated that secondary charging by dust particles impacting on surfaces at a high impact angle θ i (= angle with the normal to the surface), which fragmented and carried away negative charge, could give the appearance of incoming positive charges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesospheric dust and its secondary effects as observed by the ESPRIT payload

Havnes

Surdal²,

Philbrick

2009

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. The dust detector on the ESPRIT rocket detected two extended dust/aerosol layers during the launch on 1 July 2006. The lower layer at height ∼81.5-83 km coincided with a strong NLC and PMSE layer. The maximum dust charge density was ∼−3.5×10 9 e m −3 and the dust layer was characterized by a few strong dust layers where the dust charge density at the upper edges changed by factors 2-3 over a distance of 10 m, while the same change at their lower edges were much more gradual. The upper edge of this layer is also sharp, with a change in the probe current from zero to I DC =−10 −11 A over ∼10 m, while the same change at the low edge occurs over ∼500 m. The second dust layer at ∼85-92 km was in the height range of a comparatively weak PMSE layer and the maximum dust charge density was ∼−10 8 e m −3 . This demonstrates that PMSE can be formed even if the ratio of the dust charge density to the electron density P =N d Z d /n e 0.01.In spite of the dust detector being constructed to reduce possible secondary charging effects from dust impacts, it was found that they were clearly present during the passage through both layers. The measured secondary charging effects confirm recent results that dust in the NLC and PMSE layers can be very effective in producing secondary charges with up to ∼50 to 100 electron charges being rubbed off by one impacting large dust particle, if the impact angle is θ i 20-35 • . This again lends support to the suggested model for NLC and PMSE dust particles (Havnes and Naesheim, 2007) as a loosely bound water-ice clump interspersed with a considerable number of sub-nanometer-sized meteoric smoke particles, possibly also contaminated with meteoric atomic species.

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Observations of triboelectric charging effects on Langmuir‐type probes in dusty plasma

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

Design, Development, Implementation, and On-orbit Performance of the Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment Mission

Design, Development, Implementation, and On-orbit Performance of the Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment Mission

In situ observations of meteor smoke particles (MSP) during the Geminids 2010: constraints on MSP size, work function and composition

Mesospheric dust and its secondary effects as observed by the ESPRIT payload

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