Observations of the Ca ii IR Triplet in High Luminosity Quasars: Exploring the Sample

Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli; Marziani, Paola; Dultzin, D.; Sulentic, J. W.; Bressan, A.; Chen, Yang; Stirpe, G. M.

doi:10.1007/s12036-015-9354-9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Martínez-Aldama et al (2015a) found a rough enhancement of EW CaT for the HE sample at intermediate-z with respect to the other objects at low-z attributing this behavior to a burst of star formation and an enrichment at intermediate redshift sources. The new HE objects (Martínez-Aldama et al 2015b) added to the presented analysis seem to corroborate these results, however, some selection effect could also be involved. We will discuss this result in Sec.…”

Section: Eigenvector 1 Sequencesupporting

confidence: 70%

The CaFe Project: Optical Fe II and Near-infrared Ca II Triplet Emission in Active Galaxies. II. The Driver(s) of the Ca II and Fe II and Its Potential Use as a Chemical Clock

Martínez-Aldama

Panda

Marinello

et al. 2021

ApJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this second paper in the series, we carefully analyze the observational properties of the optical Fe ii and NIR Ca ii triplet properties as well as the luminosity, black hole mass, and Eddington ratio in order to define the driving mechanism behind the properties of our sample. Most of the significant correlations are associated with Ca ii triplet. The Ca ii shows an inverse Baldwin effect, bringing out the particular behavior of this ion with respect to the other low-ionization lines such as Hβ. We also performed a Principal Component Analysis, where ∼ 80% of the variance can be explained by the first three principal components drawn from the FWHMs, luminosity, and equivalent widths. The first principal component is primarily driven by the combination of black hole mass and luminosity with a significance over 99.9%, which in turn is reflected in the strong correlation of the first eigenvector with the Eddington ratio. Since the observational correlations are better represented by the Eddington ratio, this could be the primary mechanism behind the relations observed in our Ca ii-Fe ii sample. Since the calcium belong to the α-elements, the Fe ii/Ca ii flux ratio can be used as a chemical clock for determining the metal content in AGN and trace the evolution of the host galaxies. We confirm the negative enhancement of the ratio Fe ii/Ca ii by the Eddington ratio, suggesting a metal enrichment of the BLR in intermediate-z with respect to low-z objects. A larger sample, particularly at z > 2, is needed to confirm the present results.

show abstract

Section: Eigenvector 1 Sequencesupporting

confidence: 70%

The CaFe Project: Optical Fe II and Near-infrared Ca II Triplet Emission in Active Galaxies. II. The Driver(s) of the Ca II and Fe II and Its Potential Use as a Chemical Clock

Martínez-Aldama

Panda

Marinello

et al. 2021

ApJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To reproduce it we used the templates modeled by Marziani et al (2009) and García-Rissmann et al (2012) for the optical and near-infrared ranges, respectively. Several works have found (Joly, 1989;Persson, 1988;Ferland & Persson, 1989;Dultzin et al, 1999;Martínez-Aldama et al, 2015) a close relationship between the Feii and the NIR Ca ii λ8498,λ 8542 and λ8662 Å triplet. This relation is very well appreciable in this object: as well as the optical Feii is strong, the NIR Ca ii triplet also is.…”

Section: Multiwavelength Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The data reduction was done using the iraf package. The procedures followed are explained in Marziani et al (2009), Martínez-Aldama et al (2015) and Sulentic et al (2017).…”

Section: Observations and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

HE0359-3959: An Extremely Radiating Quasar

Martínez-Aldama

Olmo

Marziani

et al. 2017

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present a multiwavelength spectral study of the quasar HE0359-3959, which has been identified as an extreme radiating source at intermediate redshift (z=1.5209). Along the spectral range, the different ionic species give information about the substructures in the broad line region. The presence of a powerful outflow with an extreme blueshifted velocity of ∼-6000±500 km s −1 is shown in the Civλ1549 emission line. A prominent blueshifted component is also associated with the 1900Å blend, resembling the one observed in Civλ1549. We detect a strong contribution of very the low-ionization lines, Feii and Near-Infrared Ca ii triplet.We find that the physical conditions for the low, intermediate and high-ionization emission lines are different, which indicate that the emission lines are emitted in different zones of the broad line region. The asymmetries shown by the profiles reveal different forces over emitter zones. The high-ionization region is strongly dominated by radiation forces, which also affect the low and intermediate-ionization emitter region, commonly governed by virial motions. These results support the idea that highly radiating sources host a slim disk.

show abstract

The Physical Driver of the Optical Eigenvector 1 in Quasar Main Sequence

Panda

Wildy

2017

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quasars are complex sources, characterized by broad band spectra from radio through optical to X-ray band, with numerous emission and absorption features. This complexity leads to rich diagnostics. However, Boroson and Green (1992) used Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and with this analysis they were able to show significant correlations between the measured parameters. The leading component, related to Eigenvector 1 (EV1) was dominated by the anticorrelation between the FeII optical emission and [OIII] line and EV1 alone contained 30% of the total variance. It opened a way in defining a quasar main sequence, in close analogy to the stellar main sequence on the Hertzsprung-Russel (HR) diagram (Sulentic et al., 2001). The question still remains which of the basic theoretically motivated parameters of an active nucleus (Eddington ratio, black hole mass, accretion rate, spin, and viewing angle) is the main driver behind the EV1. Here we limit ourselves to the optical waveband, and concentrate on theoretical modeling the FeII to Hβ ratio, and we test the hypothesis that the physical driver of EV1 is the maximum of the accretion disk temperature, reflected in the shape of the spectral energy distribution (SED). We performed computations of the Hβ and optical FeII for a broad range of SED peak position using CLOUDY photoionisation code. We assumed that both Hβ and FeII emission come from the Broad Line Region represented as a constant density cloud in a plane-parallel geometry. We expected that a hotter disk continuum will lead to more efficient production of FeII but our computations show that the FeII to Hβ ratio actually drops with the rise of the disk temperature. Thus either hypothesis is incorrect, or approximations used in our paper for the description of the line emissivity is inadequate.

show abstract

Observations of the Ca ii IR Triplet in High Luminosity Quasars: Exploring the Sample

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

The CaFe Project: Optical Fe II and Near-infrared Ca II Triplet Emission in Active Galaxies. II. The Driver(s) of the Ca II and Fe II and Its Potential Use as a Chemical Clock

The CaFe Project: Optical Fe II and Near-infrared Ca II Triplet Emission in Active Galaxies. II. The Driver(s) of the Ca II and Fe II and Its Potential Use as a Chemical Clock

HE0359-3959: An Extremely Radiating Quasar

The Physical Driver of the Optical Eigenvector 1 in Quasar Main Sequence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About