Observations of serotonin and FMRFamide‐like immunoreactivity in palp sensory structures and the anterior nervous system of spionid polychaetes

Forest, David L.; Lindsay, Sara M.

doi:10.1002/jmor.10605

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…During 9–12 d, nerve proliferation continued, the number of FMRFamide immunoreactive perikarya in the supraesophageal ganglion increased, and sensory cells became visible on the palps. However, neither the regenerating nuchal organs nor abfrontal palp sensory cells showed significant FMRFamide IR although these structures are typically FMRFamide‐immunoreactive in intact worms (Forest 2005). The lack of FMRFamide IR does not mean that the structures were not functioning; electrophysiological experiments would be required to determine that.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both have been used extensively to study the anatomy of nervous systems in annelids (Muller & Westheide 2000; Yoshida‐Noro et al 2000). Although the neurotransmitter serotonin has been used in numerous studies of polychaete nervous systems, and may be more abundant in polychaete brains, FMRFamide IR is specifically associated with the abfrontal sensory cells on feeding palps of intact individuals of D. quadrilobata and P. elegans (Forest 2005). Because these cells are chemosensitive (Lindsay et al 2004) and chemical cues are known to influence spionid feeding (Ferner & Jumars 1999; Riordan & Lindsay 2002; Mahon & Dauer 2005), their presence may be important to feeding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology of anterior regeneration in two spionid polychaete species: implications for feeding efficiency

Lindsay

Jackson

Forest

2007

Invertebrate Biology

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Abstract. In marine soft‐sediment habitats, tissue loss by infuanal invertebrates can provide significant energetic input to higher trophic levels, have substantial impacts on individual behavior, growth, and fecundity, and resulting changes in bioturbation rates can secondarily affect community dynamics. The degree to which a community is affected by such sublethal predation depends in part on whether injured individuals can regenerate and on the speed at which they do so. Previously, we demonstrated differences in the rate of anterior segment and palp regeneration by the spionid polychaetes Pygospio elegans and Dipolydora quadrilobata. The current study examined the morphology of the anterior segment and palp regeneration in these species using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and indirect immunohistochemistry with confocal laser scanning microscopy at 3, 6, 9, and 12 d post‐ablation. Antibodies for acetylated α‐tubulin and the neural tetrapeptide FMRFamide were used to label the regenerating nervous system. SEM revealed that the morphology of anterior tissue regeneration was similar for both species, but the ciliated food groove tended to form sooner on palps in P. elegans than on those of D. quadrilobata. In both species, palp regeneration and ciliated food groove formation were faster when only palps were removed. A shortened ciliated food groove is likely to reduce particle contact and transport efficiency in suspension and deposit feeding. Regenerating palp nerves were initially visible at 3 d following ablation of palps only, but at 6 d following ablation of five anterior segments. Following ablation of anterior segments, the regenerating nervous system was largely complete by 9 d, nuchal organs were innervated by 6 d, and processes of palp sensory cells were visible at 12 d. Contact chemoreception by sensory cells on the palps may be diminished during the early stages of regeneration, but chemoreception of waterborne cues via the nuchal organ should not.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of anterior regeneration in two spionid polychaete species: implications for feeding efficiency

Lindsay

Jackson

Forest

2007

Invertebrate Biology

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“…Interestingly, FMRFalike immunoreactivity has been found in sensory neurones in Lumbricus terrestris body wall epithelium, indicating a sensory role for FLPs in oligochaetes ). FMRFa-like immunoreactivity has also been found in sensory neurones of the feeding palps of the polychaetes Dipolydora quadrilobata and Pygospio elegans (Forest and Lindsay 2008). It is likely that a FLP colocalizes with serotonin in central neurones of the earthworm, Eisenia fetida .…”

Section: Annelidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A review of FMRFamide- and RFamide-like peptides in metazoa

2009

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Neuropeptides are a diverse class of signalling molecules that are widely employed as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in animals, both invertebrate and vertebrate. However, despite their fundamental importance to animal physiology and behaviour, they are much less well understood than the small molecule neurotransmitters. The neuropeptides are classified into families according to similarities in their peptide sequence; and on this basis, the FMRFamide and RFamide-like peptides, first discovered in molluscs, are an example of a family that is conserved throughout the animal phyla. In this review, the literature on these neuropeptides has been consolidated with a particular emphasis on allowing a comparison between data sets in phyla as diverse as coelenterates and mammals. The intention is that this focus on the structure and functional aspects of FMRFamide and RFamide-like neuropeptides will inform understanding of conserved principles and distinct properties of signalling across the animal phyla.

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“…We have observed significant Gαq immunoreactivity in cells underlying the nuchal organs of D. quadrilobata (Fig. 2b), and these same cells are highly immunoreactive to the neural tetrapeptide FMRF-amide (Forest and Lindsay 2008), consistent with a sensory function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Based on activity-dependent cell-labeling studies, a chemosensory function for the lateral/abfrontal cilia of the feeding palps has been proposed (Lindsay et al 2004), and the present study supports this proposition by showing the localization of a putative chemosensory Gαq protein in lateral/abfrontal cilia. The lateral/abfrontal cilia are also strongly FMRFamide-immunoreactive, with axons that project to the main palp nerves leading to the brain (Forest and Lindsay 2008). Gland cells play a role in producing mucous secretions for feeding and tube building by spionid polychaetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunolocalization of a Gαq protein to the chemosensory organs of Dipolydora quadrilobata (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

2008

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Chemoreception in marine invertebrates mediates a variety of ecologically important behaviors including defense, reproduction, larval settlement and recruitment, and feeding. The sensory pathways that regulate deposit-feeding activity by polychaetes living in sedimentary habitats are of particular interest because such feeding has profound effects on the physical and chemical properties of the habitat. Nevertheless, little is known concerning the molecular mechanisms of chemical signal transduction associated with deposit feeding and other behaviors in polychaetes. Chemosensory-based feeding behaviors are typically regulated by G-protein-coupled signal transduction pathways. However, the presence and role of such pathways have not been demonstrated in marine polychaetes. Methodologies involving degenerate primer-based reverse transcription with the polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends were used to identify and characterize a Galphaq subunit expressed in the feeding palps of the spionid polychaete Dipolydora quadrilobata. The D. quadrilobata Galphaq protein had high sequence similarity with previously reported Galphaq subunits from both invertebrate and vertebrate taxa. Immunhistochemistry and immunocytochemistry were used with confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to visualize the distribution of a Galphaq antibody in whole worms and in cilia of the feeding palps. Galphaq immunoreactivity was concentrated in the nuchal organs, food-groove cilia, and lateral/abfrontal cilia of the feeding palps. Because these structures are known to be involved in chemoreception, we propose that Galphaq isolated from D. quadrilobata is a key component of chemosensory signal transduction pathways in this species.

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Observations of serotonin and FMRFamide‐like immunoreactivity in palp sensory structures and the anterior nervous system of spionid polychaetes

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Morphology of anterior regeneration in two spionid polychaete species: implications for feeding efficiency

Morphology of anterior regeneration in two spionid polychaete species: implications for feeding efficiency

A review of FMRFamide- and RFamide-like peptides in metazoa

Immunolocalization of a Gαq protein to the chemosensory organs of Dipolydora quadrilobata (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

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