Observations of Rat Fetuses after Irradiation with 2450-MHz (CW) Microwaves

Berman, Ezra; Hb, Carter; House, Dennis E.

doi:10.1080/16070658.1981.11689226

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This finding is consonant with those of Berman et al [1981]. Merritt et al [1984] exposed ten pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats, starting on gestation day 2, to circularly polarized pulsed 2.45 GHz RFEMF in individual cylindrical waveguides.…”

Section: Ratssupporting

confidence: 73%

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Radiofrequency fields and teratogenesis

Heynick

Merritt

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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Experimental studies that sought teratologic effects or developmental abnormalities from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RFEMF) in the range 3 kHz-300 GHz are critically reviewed for their possible consequences on human health. Those studies were conducted on beetles, birds, rodents, and nonhuman primates. Collectively, those experimental studies indicate that teratologic effects can occur only from exposure levels that cause biologically detrimental increases in body temperature. No reliable experimental evidence was found for nonthermal teratologic effects; rodents, mouse fetuses, and perinatal mice are more susceptible to such effects than rats. The primary confirmed effect in rats at high RFEMF levels was initial weight deficits in fetuses and neonates that decreased with infant growth. More generally from findings with pregnant mammals, exposures at RFEMF levels far higher than those permitted under the IEEE human exposure guidelines are necessary to reach or exceed cited experimental thresholds for maternal temperature increases. Some results indicated that the levels necessary to cause such effects in pregnant mammals could exceed those lethal to the dams. In a behavioral study of squirrel monkeys, no effects were observed on usual dam-offspring interactions or EEGs, but unexpected deaths of a number of offspring had occurred. However, this finding was not confirmed in a study solely on infant death using a larger number of subjects for greater statistical validity. Also reviewed were epidemiologic studies of various human populations considered to have been chronically exposed to environmental levels of RFEMF. Early studies on the incidence of congenital anomalies yielded no credible evidence that chronic exposure of pregnant women or of fathers exposed to RFEMF from nearby sources at levels below those guidelines would cause any anomalies in their offspring. The findings of studies on pregnancy outcomes of female physiotherapists occupationally exposed while treating patients with RFEMF were mixed, but taken collectively, the findings were negative. Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 6:S174-S186, 2003.

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Section: Ratssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…There were no significant differences in mean weight between the RFEMF and sham exposed animals. Berman et al [1981] exposed pregnant CD rats to 2.45 GHz RFEMF at 28 mW/cm 2 (SAR: 4.2 W/kg) daily for 100 min on gestation days 6 through 15. The mean colonic temperature at the end of each exposure period was 40.3 8C.…”

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Radiofrequency fields and teratogenesis

Heynick

Merritt

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…Over the last few years, concerns about health effects caused by exposure to the microwaves emitted by mobile telephones and base stations have increased as becoming a major societal issue in some countries, or at least among part of the population. Berman et al (1981) found no significant differences in the number of alive, dead or total fetuses and in the incidences of external, visceral, or skeletal anomalies between control and experimental fetuses maternally exposed to microwave at power density 28 mW/cm 2 for 100 minutes daily from the 6 th day to the 15 th day of pregnancy. Nawrot et al (1981) noted a reduction in fetal weight in CD-1 mice exposed to 30mW/cm² of electromagnetic waves during days 1-6 of gestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…This agrees with Chernovetz et al (1975) who observed no significant differences between the RF and sham groups in the percentages of normal and abnormal fetuses. Also, with Berman et al (1981) who reported that there was no effect on the developing fetuses exposed to 2450MHz of microwave at power denisity 28mW/cm 2 for 100 minute daily from day 6 to day 15 of pregnancy.…”

Section: Morphological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect Of Microwave Radiation On The Retina Of Mice Embryos

Amer

Shabaka

Zakaria

et al. 2013

JBLS

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The present investigation is concerned with the effect of mobile phone radiation on the development of mice embryos. The pregnant females were divided into 3 groups, the control group (GI) and 2 irradiated groups, 10 females each. The 2 nd group and 3 rd group were subjected to 950MHz at SAR=1W/kg and 1800MHz at SAR=1.6W/kg respectively from day 7 to day 14 of gestation for 2 hours/ day. The exposure to microwave caused fetal growth retardation in all irradiated groups. However, no morphological abnormalities were observed in all the experimental groups.The retina of the 18-days-old fetus maternally exposed to microwave showed histopathological changes including pyknotic nuclei in both outer and inner nuclear layers (group II), while they lost their normal arrangement and became aggregated in the outer nuclear layer in group III. At ISSN 2157-6076 2013 www.macrothink.org/jbls 216 the level of electron microscopy the retinal tissue revealed deformed and dilated mitochondria and condensed heterochromatin of the nuclei of the outer nuclear layer. The ganglionic cells showed degenerated cytoplasmic organelles in group II. However, remarkable aggregations of melanin pigments were detected in the pigmented layer of group III. Since the evaluation of the clinical relevance of microwave radiation interactions on fetal retina is still lacking, such pathological changes must be taken into consideration in order to minimize cell injuries. Journal of Biology and Life Science

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“…A study conducted by Berman et al [6] reported that RF-EMF exposure at 2 450-MHz microwave radiation up to 100 min/day during pregnancy has no potential effect on the gross structure of the foetal rat and there are no incidences of external, visceral, or skeletal anomalies or variations; alternatively, in the body weight of live fetuses. In 1982, A study by Lary et al [7] on rats to investigate the teratogenic effect of 27.12 MHz RF radiation exposure during a pregnancy period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%