Observations of rapid flow rate disturbances in drinking water filters and their effect on solids removal

Glasgow, Graeme D.E.; Wheatley, Andrew D.

doi:10.2166/aqua.1999.0028

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Removal of microorganisms through granular media filtration is governed by particle‐media interactions that result from diffusion, interception, and sedimentation ( Camp, 1964 ; Darby et al, 1991 ; Elimelech, 1992 ; Ghosh et al, 1975 ; Glasgow and Wheatley, 1999 ; Habibian and O'Melia, 1975 ; Hall and Fitzpatrick, 2000 ; Iwasaki, 1937 ; Jegatheesan and Vigneswaren, 2000 ; Kavanaugh et al, 1978 ; O'Melia and Ali, 1978 ; Stevenson, 1997 ; Tchobanoglous and Eliassen, 1970 ; Trussell and Chang, 1999 ; Yao et al, 1971 ). The deposition of microorganisms and other particles in filters is dependent on effective transport to the filter media coupled with retention within the filter pores or attachment to the media surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During a filter run, the buildup of accumulated material within the filter coupled with the development of biofilms can serve to augment filter efficiency; however, a side effect of particle accumulation and biofilm formation is an increase in specific velocities within pores, resulting in pore blockage, channeling effects, higher effective hydraulic loading rates, and particle remobilization ( Ahmad and Amirtharajah, 1998 ; Hall and Fitzpatrick, 2000 ; Hozalski and Bouwer, 1998 ). Some particles/pathogens may be released during filtration, depending on the duration of the filter run, hydraulic inconsistencies, and effectiveness of upstream treatment ( Ahmad and Amirtharajah, 1998 ; Darby et al, 1991 ; Glasgow and Wheatley, 1999 ; Jegatheesan and Vigneswaran, 2000 ; Jiminex et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, backwashing is not designed to remove biofilms ( Wang et al, 1995 ). Particle/pathogen release may occur following backwashing, resulting from either remnant particles ( Amburgey et al, 2004 ) or hydrodynamic inconsistencies in the filter media ( Glasgow and Wheatley, 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pathogen and Indicator Organism Reduction Through Secondary Effluent Filtration: Implications for Reclaimed Water Production

Levine

Harwood²,

Farrah³

et al. 2008

Water Environment Research

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The reduction of pathogens and indicator organisms through secondary effluent filtration was investigated at six full-scale treatment facilities, ranging in capacity from 0.04 to 1 m 3 /s (1 to 25 mgd). Grab samples were assayed for pathogens (cultivable enteric viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium) and indicator organisms (coliforms, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and coliphages) quarterly under peak flow conditions from each facility over the course of 1 calendar year. Log 10 removals resulting from filtration averaged 0.3 to 0.8 log 10 for cultivable enteric viruses, 0.4 to 1.5 log 10 for protozoan parasites, 0.01 to 3.7 log 10 for indicator bacteria, and 0.3 to 1.1 log 10 for coliphages. In addition to filter design (cloth, monomedium shallow-or deep-bed, or dual-media filters), differences in reduction of pathogens and indicators could be attributed to the combined effects of hydraulic loading rates, chemical addition practices, backwashing and postbackwashing operating strategies, and the effectiveness of upstream biological treatment and sedimentation. Water Environ. Res., 80, 596 (2008).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathogen and Indicator Organism Reduction Through Secondary Effluent Filtration: Implications for Reclaimed Water Production

Levine

Harwood²,

Farrah³

et al. 2008

Water Environment Research

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Examining how media age affects organic matter removal in activated carbon filtration

Bernstein,

Glasgow,

Lay

et al. 2024

AWWA Water Science

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Water samples from Waiora Drinking Water Treatment Plant in New Zealand were analyzed using excitation‐emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMS) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to evaluate organic matter removal across the plant. The assessment also included the individual granular activated carbon (GAC) filters since the filters had varying media ages due to partial media replacement over a 10‐month period, presenting a unique assessment opportunity. PARAFAC analysis identified humic‐like, tyrosine‐protein‐like, and tryptophan‐protein‐like components representing fluorescent dissolved organic matter groups. The humic‐like component strongly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) concentration and removal was significantly influenced by filter media age. However, protein‐like components had minimal TOC correlation and were not effectively removed by the overall plant treatment irrespective of filter media age. These findings have implications for disinfection, taste and odor, and bacterial regrowth and require an improved media replacement strategy. Further study of the protein‐like components is required.

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Enhancing climate adaptation capacity for drinking water treatment facilities

Levine

Yang

Goodrich

2016

Journal of Water and Climate Change

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Conventional water treatment processes (e.g., coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) are widely used for producing drinking water from surface water sources. Transient, gradual, or abrupt changes in source water quality that could compromise treatment effectiveness can be triggered by climate and related meteorological events, accidental or intentional contamination, security breaches, or other disruptions. However, the design principles that underpin the majority of existing conventional treatment systems predate climate adaptation considerations. This paper considers the adaptation capacity of conventional water treatment systems. A modeling framework is used to illustrate climate adaptation mechanisms that could enable conventional treatment systems to accommodate water quality impairments. Treatment system resiliency is explored in response to generic climate-relevant water quality perturbations such as extreme temperature variations and changes in the quantity and characteristics of solids, particles, and organic constituents. Promising adaptation options include modifying chemical parameters (e.g., types of chemicals, dosages, sequence of chemical addition, mixing intensity and duration), filter operations, and microbiological augmentation of existing physical/chemical treatment systems. The capacity reserve concept provides an organizing principle that could be useful for prioritizing climate adaptation strategies such as major or minor treatment/infrastructure modifications, system-wide upgrades such as off-line storage, operational changes in distribution systems, or the use of supplemental water sources including reclaimed or recycled water.

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Observations of rapid flow rate disturbances in drinking water filters and their effect on solids removal

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Pathogen and Indicator Organism Reduction Through Secondary Effluent Filtration: Implications for Reclaimed Water Production

Pathogen and Indicator Organism Reduction Through Secondary Effluent Filtration: Implications for Reclaimed Water Production

Examining how media age affects organic matter removal in activated carbon filtration

Enhancing climate adaptation capacity for drinking water treatment facilities

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