Observations of particle formation and growth in a mountainous forest region in central Europe

Held, Andreas; Nowak, Andreas; Birmili, W.; Wiedensohler, Alfred; Forkel, R.; Klemm, Otto

doi:10.1029/2004jd005346

Cited by 62 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Growth rates of those 8 days compare well to prior observations, reporting growth rates in the range from 2.2 to 5.7 nm h −1 at the same location (Held et al, 2004). For particles in diameter range 2-3 nm median total particle growth rates (GR t ), negative (GR neg ) and positive growth rates (GR pos ) were found to be 4.1 nm h −1 , 2.4 nm h −1 and 2.8 nm h −1 , respectively.…”

Section: General Event Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 77%

Ion – particle interactions during particle formation and growth at a coniferous forest site in central Europe

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In this work, we examined the interaction of ions and neutral particles during atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events. The analysis is based on simultaneous field measurements of atmospheric ions and total particles using a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS) across the diameter range 2-25 nm. The Waldstein research site is located in a spruce forest in NE Bavaria, Southern Germany, known for enhanced radon concentrations, presumably leading to elevated ionization rates. Our observations show that the occurrence of the ion nucleation mode preceded that of the total particle nucleation mode during all analyzed NPF events. The time difference between the appearance of 2 nm ions and 2 nm total particles was typically about 20 to 30 min. A cross correlation analysis showed a rapid decrease of the time difference between the ion and total modes during the growth process. Eventually, this time delay vanished when both ions and total particles did grow to larger diameters. Considering the growth rates of ions and total particles separately, total particles exhibited enhanced growth rates at diameters below 15 nm. This observation cannot be explained by condensation or coagulation, because these processes would act more efficiently on charged particles compared to neutral particles. To explain our observations, we propose a mechanism including recombination and attachment of continuously present cluster ions with the ion nucleation mode and the neutral nucleation mode, respectively.

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Section: General Event Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 77%

Ion – particle interactions during particle formation and growth at a coniferous forest site in central Europe

et al. 2014

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“…Aspects of the formation process in different parts of the world are described in several articles. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The exact role of VOCs in the nucleation process is a subject of debate, although the fact that biogenic VOCs are much more reactive than anthropogenic VOCs 41 suggests that they play a role from the outset. Also, the acidity of seed particles appears to enhance the formation of SOA, [42][43][44] which may mean that current organic particle formation rates from natural emissions are greater than they would be under natural conditions because of the presence today of global anthropogenic inorganic acidic pollution.…”

Section: Emissions Of Pom From Forests and Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Tombach

Brewer²

2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The goal of the regional haze mitigation program in the United States is to attain "natural conditions" in national parks and wilderness areas by 2064. Results of research investigations on background concentrations of sea salt and biogenic organic matter, of episodic Saharan and Asian dust, and of carbon from natural fires were reviewed to provide a basis for making site-specific estimates of what the concentrations of atmospheric fine particulate matter components might be under natural conditions in the Southeastern United States. Based on this review, rough estimates were made of potential contributions of these aerosol components to natural background visibility. Natural organic particles were the dominant influence on the rate of visibility improvement required to reach natural conditions at an inland, mountainous location, and organic particles and sea salt were the dominant influences on the rate at a coastal location. African dust also had a large episodic effect, but the current regulatory approach is not designed to address episodic background variations. Insufficient data exist to quantify the

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“…[17] Particle growth is observed as a linear increase in the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of a log normally distributed aerosol population for particles with diameter less than approximately 60 nm, typically using a number-based size distribution measured by differential mobility analysis, as in the study of Held et al [2004]. Here number-based aerosol size distributions are calculated using equation (1).…”

Section: Event Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of aerosol associated with enhanced small particle number concentrations in a suburban forested environment

Ziemba¹,

Griffin²,

Cottrell³

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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Two elevated particle number/mass growth events associated with Aitken‐mode particles were observed during a sampling campaign (13–29 September 2004) at the Duke University Free‐Air CO2 Enrichment facility, a forested field site located in suburban central North Carolina. Aerosol growth rates between 1.2 and 4.9 nm hr−1 were observed, resulting in net increases in geometric mean diameter of 21 and 37 nm during events. Growth was dominated by addition of oxidized organic compounds. Campaign‐average aerosol mass concentrations measured by an Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer (Q‐AMS) were 1.9 ± 1.6 (σ), 1.6 ± 1.9, 0.1 ± 0.1, and 0.4 ± 0.4 μg m−3 for organic mass (OM), sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, respectively. These values represent 47%, 40%, 3%, and 10%, respectively, of the measured submicron aerosol mass. Based on Q‐AMS spectra, OM was apportioned to hydrocarbon‐like organic aerosol (HOA, likely representing primary organic aerosol) and two types of oxidized organic aerosol (OOA‐1 and OOA‐2), which constituted on average 6%, 58%, and 36%, respectively, of the apportioned OM. OOA‐1 probably represents aged, regional secondary organic aerosol (SOA), while OOA‐2 likely reflects less aged SOA. Organic aerosol characteristics associated with the events are compared to the campaign averages. Particularly in one event, the contribution of OOA‐2 to overall OM levels was enhanced, indicating the likelihood of less aged SOA formation. Statistical analyses investigate the relationships between HOA, OOA‐1, OOA‐2, other aerosol components, gas‐phase species, and meteorological data during the campaign and individual events. No single variable clearly controls the occurrence of a particle growth event.

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Observations of particle formation and growth in a mountainous forest region in central Europe

Cited by 62 publications

References 53 publications

Ion – particle interactions during particle formation and growth at a coniferous forest site in central Europe

Ion – particle interactions during particle formation and growth at a coniferous forest site in central Europe

Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Characterization of aerosol associated with enhanced small particle number concentrations in a suburban forested environment

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