Observations of gravity wave forcing of the mesopause region during the January 2013 major Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Wit, R. J. de; Hibbins, R. E.; Espy, P. J.; Orsolini, Yvan; Limpasuvan, Varavut; Kinnison, Douglas E.

doi:10.1002/2014gl060501

Cited by 64 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…As shown in de Wit et al (2014b), and reproduced in Fig. 1a, the mesopause GW forcing over Trondheim during the onset of the January 2013 major SSW peaked eastward.…”

Section: Temperature Profile Over Trondheim During the Sswsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The current study builds upon the observations of de Wit et al (2014b), who observed that zonal winds from the surface to 100 km reversed and GW forcing at ∼ 90 km peaked eastward over Trondheim, Norway (63 • N, 10 • E), during the onset of the January 2013 major SSW. Here, meteor radar and OH airglow temperature observations over Trondheim are presented from December 2012-February 2013 in order to study the mesopause temperature response to this observed eastward GW forcing.…”

Section: Published By Copernicus Publications On Behalf Of the Europementioning

confidence: 62%

“…Various modelling studies have shown eastward GW forcing anomalies at mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) altitudes in relation to SSWs (e.g. Yamashita et al, 2010;Chandran et al, 2011Limpasuvan et al, 2012), a result that has been confirmed by radar observations of GW forcing at mesopause heights during the 2013 major SSW (de Wit et al, 2014b). Model studies have shown this departure away from climatological wintertime westward GW forcing to be associated with the weakening or reversal of the wintertime residual circulation and associated cooling of the mesosphere during…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The Trondheim meteor radar has been operational near-continuously since September 2012, and has previously been used to quantify the zonal wind, gravity wave momentum flux and gravity wave forcing during the January 2013 major SSW (de Wit et al, 2014b). The radar's peak power is 30 kW, and the radar operates at a frequency of 34.21 MHz.…”

Section: Data and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling in the middle atmosphere related to the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The previously reported observation of anomalous eastward gravity wave forcing at mesopause heights around the onset of the January 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) over Trondheim, Norway (63 • N, 10 • E), is placed in a global perspective using Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) temperature observations from the Aura satellite. It is shown that this anomalous forcing results in a clear cooling over Trondheim about 10 km below mesopause heights. Conversely, near the mesopause itself, where the gravity wave forcing was measured, observations with meteor radar, OH airglow and MLS show no distinct cooling. Polar cap zonal mean temperatures show a similar vertical profile. Longitudinal variability in the high northern-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) is characterized by a quasi-stationary wave-1 structure, which reverses phase at altitudes below ∼ 0.1 hPa. This wave-1 develops prior to the SSW onset, and starts to propagate westward at the SSW onset. The latitudinal pole-to-pole temperature structure associated with the major SSW shows a warming (cooling) in the winter stratosphere (mesosphere) which extends to about 40 • N. In the stratosphere, a cooling extending over the equator and far into the summer hemisphere is observed, whereas in the mesosphere an equatorial warming is noted. In the Southern Hemisphere mesosphere, a warm anomaly overlaying a cold anomaly is present, which is shown to propagate downward in time. This observed structure is in accordance with the temperature perturbations predicted by the proposed interhemispheric coupling mechanism for cases of increased winter stratospheric planetary wave activity, of which major SSWs are an extreme case. These results provide observational evidence for the interhemispheric coupling mechanism, and for the wave-mean flow interaction believed to be responsible for the establishment of the anomalies in the summer hemisphere.

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“…As shown in de Wit et al (2014b), and reproduced in Fig. 1a, the mesopause GW forcing over Trondheim during the onset of the January 2013 major SSW peaked eastward.…”

Section: Temperature Profile Over Trondheim During the Sswsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Published By Copernicus Publications On Behalf Of the Europementioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Data and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Coupling in the middle atmosphere related to the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming

et al. 2015

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“…Antonita et al, 2008;Clemesha and Batista, 2008;Mitchell, 2009, 2010;Clemesha et al, 2009;Fritts et al, 2010aFritts et al, , b, 2012aVincent et al, 2010;Placke et al, 2011aPlacke et al, , b, 2014Placke et al, , 2015Andrioli et al, 2013aAndrioli et al, , b, 2015Liu et al, 2013;de Wit et al, 2014bde Wit et al, , a, 2016Matsumoto et al, 2016;Riggin et al, 2016). This has largely arisen from a need to obtain improved spatial coverage in the parameterization of GWs and their associated momentum transport in climate models of the whole atmosphere (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesospheric gravity wave momentum flux estimation using hybrid Doppler interferometry

Spargo¹,

MacKinnon²,

Holdsworth³

2017

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. Mesospheric gravity wave (GW) momentum flux estimates using data from multibeam Buckland Park MF radar (34.6 • S, 138.5 • E) experiments (conducted from July 1997 to June 1998) are presented. On transmission, five Doppler beams were symmetrically steered about the zenith (one zenith beam and four off-zenith beams in the cardinal directions). The received beams were analysed with hybrid Doppler interferometry (HDI) (Holdsworth and Reid, 1998), principally to determine the radial velocities of the effective scattering centres illuminated by the radar. The methodology of Thorsen et al. (1997), later re-introduced by Hocking (2005) and since extensively applied to meteor radar returns, was used to estimate components of Reynolds stress due to propagating GWs and/or turbulence in the radar resolution volume. Physically reasonable momentum flux estimates are derived from the Reynolds stress components, which are also verified using a simple radar model incorporating GW-induced wind perturbations. On the basis of these results, we recommend the intercomparison of momentum flux estimates between co-located meteor radars and verticalbeam interferometric MF radars. It is envisaged that such intercomparisons will assist with the clarification of recent concerns (e.g. Vincent et al., 2010) of the accuracy of the meteor radar technique.

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Observational evidence for temporary planetary wave forcing of the MLT during fall equinox

Stray

Wit

Espy

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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We present direct observations of zonal wave numbers 1 and 2 planetary wave activity in the mesopause region derived from a longitudinal chain of high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere (51–66°N) Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars. Over a 9 year period (2000–2008), the planetary wave activity observed shows a consistent increase around the fall equinox. This is shown to be coincident with a minimum in the magnitude of the stratospheric winds and consequently a minimum in the stratospheric gravity wave filtering and the subsequent momentum deposition in the mesopause region. Despite this, the observed meridional winds are shown to be perturbed poleward and mesopause temperatures rise temporarily, suggesting that westward momentum deposition from planetary waves temporarily becomes the dominant forcing on the mesopause region each fall equinox.

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Observations of gravity wave forcing of the mesopause region during the January 2013 major Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Cited by 64 publications

References 53 publications

Coupling in the middle atmosphere related to the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming

Coupling in the middle atmosphere related to the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming

Mesospheric gravity wave momentum flux estimation using hybrid Doppler interferometry

Observational evidence for temporary planetary wave forcing of the MLT during fall equinox

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