Observations éco-éthologiques sur deux lémuriens malgaches nocturnes : Phaner furcifer et Microcebus coquereli

Petter, J. J.; Schilling, Ann-Marie; Pariente, Georges

doi:10.3406/revec.1971.4639

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Vocal activity in Phaner has been described as more or less continuous, with a clear peak at the beginning of the night and another peak between 21:00 and 23:00 (Petter et al, 1971). However, it is not clear how many individuals were counted in this study, if they were single calls or series of calls, and which type of calls were counted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The species feeds almost exclusively on the sap and gum of trees and climbers (Charles-Dominique and Petter, 1980). With the onset of the night, Phaner individuals exit their shelter and usually start calling with a series of "kiu" vocalizations (Petter et al, 1971). Kiu calls are short, impulsive calls with a fundamental frequency around 2.3 kHz shaped as a parabola (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is not clear how many individuals were counted in this study, if they were single calls or series of calls, and which type of calls were counted. When several individuals meet at the border of their territory, they often have "acoustic fights," which can last for several minutes (Charles-Dominique & Petter, 1980;Petter et al, 1971). P. pallescens seems to be able to discriminate conspecific "kiu" and "kea" calls from allopatric heterospecific calls (Forbanka, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Lemurs: Using an Affordable Open-Source System to Monitor Phaner Vocal Activity and Density

et al. 2022

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Developing new cost-effective methods for monitoring the distribution and abundance of species is essential for conservation biology. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has long been used in marine mammals and has recently been postulated to be a promising method to improve monitoring of terrestrial wildlife as well. Because Madagascar’s lemurs are among the globally most threatened taxa, this study was designed to assess the applicability of an affordable and open-source PAM device to estimate the density of pale fork-marked lemurs (Phaner pallescens). Using 12 playback experiments and one fixed transect of four automated acoustic recorders during one night of the dry season in Kirindy Forest, we experimentally estimated the detection space for Phaner and other lemur vocalizations. Furthermore, we manually annotated more than 10,000 vocalizations of Phaner from a single location and used bout rates from previous studies to estimate density within the detection space. To truncate detections beyond 150 m, we applied a sound pressure level (SPL) threshold filtering out vocalizations below SPL 50 (dB re 20 μPa). During the dry season, vocalizations of Phaner can be detected with confidence beyond 150 m by a human listener. Within our fixed truncated detection area corresponding to an area of 0.07 km2 (detection radius of 150 m), we estimated 10.5 bouts per hour corresponding to a density of Phaner of 38.6 individuals/km2. Our density estimates are in line with previous estimates based on individually marked animals conducted in the same area. Our findings suggest that PAM also could be combined with distance sampling methods to estimate densities. We conclude that PAM is a promising method to improve the monitoring and conservation of Phaner and many other vocally active primates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Lemurs: Using an Affordable Open-Source System to Monitor Phaner Vocal Activity and Density

et al. 2022

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“…Les mesures de luminosité évaluées à ces heures (Pariente, 1971). sont alors précisément : à 18 h 05 : 5,92 �tW par cm2 à 18 h 15 : 1,97 µ \f\T par cm2 (1)…”

Section: Ecologieunclassified

Le Lépilémur du sud de Madagascar : Écologie, alimentation et vie sociale

Charles-Dominique¹,

Hladik²

1971

revec

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This study represents a combination of observations on the biology of the nocturnal Sportive Lemur (Lepilemur mustelinus leucopus) living in the arid bush zone (characterised by the Family Didiereacae) of South Madagascar. Comparative data relating to nutrition, diurnal resting sites and population density in gallery forest of the same area are also presented. During its phase of nocturnal activity, this Lemur remains immobile for long periods of time, and the actual time spent in search of food is extremely limited. During daytime, it remains close to the orifice of its retreat, thus permitting constant surveillance (state of somnolence without deep sleep). The dietary regime, which is almost exclusively folivorous, represents an extreme case of specialisation within the Order Primates, as is demonstrated by quantitative analysis of the assimilable components of the diet. The digestive tract is specialised as an adaptation to this diet ; there are several peculiar features in the proportions between the different segments of the tract, in the histological structure of the mucosa and in the différenciation of the cæcum and the colon, which both possess villosities of a special type. A description is given of an organ situated at the ileo-colic junction, which is derived from a Peyer patch and which possibly plays an important part in the digestive sequence. In addition, Lepilemur exhibits reingestion of its faeces (cæcotrophy), thus presenting an apparently unique case among the Primates. This observation under natural conditions helps to explain how the animal is able to benefit from a small quantity of ingested matter which is extremely poor in directly assimilable matter. An attempt has been made to calculate the balance of energy-expenditure, and this reveals great economy in muscular expenditure relative to the total availability of energy. This ecological study was conducted during the critical period during which the availability of food (evaluated according to the mean area exploited by each individual animal) was passing a minimum. During this period, the ratio of available energy to energy consumed was 1,6 : 1 (a value quite close to those calculated by Smith, 1968 with respect to annual availability for a squirrel species in North America). Study of the social behaviour of Lepilemur was undertaken following capture, marking and release of all the individuals in a particular population. The individual territories whose limits were determined to within a matter of meters, are defended by males against other males or by females against other females. Each individual devotes the major part of the activity period to surveillance of adjacent individuals. Aggressive signals (postures and vocalisations) are predominantly associated with territorial defence. Even outside the period of reproductive activity, social relationships exist between males and females whose territories overlap. Social bonds were also identified between adult females and juvenile females ; territorial independence of the latter seems to develop progressively and relatively slowly. This type of social system is found in other nocturnal prosimians which have been studied, and it would appear to be a primitive character. An experiment conducted in the field permitted observation of rapid modifications in the territorial limits of males following the removal of one male. These modifications were associated with establishment of social links with the females whose territories coincided with that of the male eliminated in the experiment, even though this took place outside the period of reproductive activity.

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The evolution of palate shape in the Lepilemur‐Cheirogaleidae clade (Primates: Strepsirrhini)

Andrews

Masters

Génin

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives Phylogenies consistently group the folivorous Lepilemur species with the small‐bodied insectivorous‐frugivorous cheirogaleids. Juvenile lepilemurs and adult cheirogaleids share allometries in most aspects of skull morphology, except the palate. We investigated potential influences on palate shape in these taxa and several outgroups using geometric morphometrics. Materials and Methods Our sample included representatives of four extant strepsirrhine families, Cheirogaleidae (including Lepilemurinae), Lemuridae, Indriidae, and Galagidae, and one subfossil Megaladapis. Our dataset comprised 32 landmarks collected from 397 specimens representing 15 genera and 28 species, and was analyzed using generalized procrustes analyses and between group principal component analysis. We explored the influence of size, phylogeny, diet, and the propagation of loud vocalizations on palate shape. Results While congeneric species clustered within the morphospace, the phylomorphospace did not mirror molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of higher‐order relationships. Four palate forms were distinguished within the Cheirogaleidae. Diet, strongly linked to body size, had the single greatest influence on palate shape. The production of long‐distance advertisement calls was most often associated with positive scores on the PC1 axis. Discussion Our results suggest that the extensive variation in palate shape among Cheirogaleidae is related to dietary shifts that accompanied changes in body size during the clade's radiation. Molecular phylogenies indicate that cheirogaleid diversification involved repeated dwarfing events, which in turn drove dietary shifts from ancestral folivory‐frugivory to frugivory, gummivory, and faunivory in the descendant species. The elongated Lepilemur palate is probably related to accelerated eruption of the cheek teeth to render juveniles competent to shear leaves upon weaning.

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Observations éco-éthologiques sur deux lémuriens malgaches nocturnes : Phaner furcifer et Microcebus coquereli

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Toward Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Lemurs: Using an Affordable Open-Source System to Monitor Phaner Vocal Activity and Density

Toward Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Lemurs: Using an Affordable Open-Source System to Monitor Phaner Vocal Activity and Density

Le Lépilémur du sud de Madagascar : Écologie, alimentation et vie sociale

The evolution of palate shape in the Lepilemur‐Cheirogaleidae clade (Primates: Strepsirrhini)

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