Observations contradict galaxy size and surface brightness predictions that are based on the expanding universe hypothesis

Lerner, E. J.

doi:10.1093/mnras/sty728

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The function b = b(x), is defined as the solution of the Equation (57) (for c 2 = 0). The Equation (58), taking into account (59) and (57), becomes their differential consequence. Surprisingly, the solution for the scale factor does not depend on the constant c 2 .…”

Section: The Case Without Quadratic Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this point of view, it is interesting to study all special points, including the equilibrium pointsḃ(t 1 ) = 0,b(t 1 ) = 0. In this regard, I want to refer to the work [59] where he gives arguments to the consistency of the static universe, from the point of view of observational data on galaxies. In the next section, we present a model of a quasistatic universe, where the scale factor fluctuates with respect to a constant value.…”

Section: The Case Without Quadratic Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ambiguity in the Definition and Behavior of the Gravitational and Cosmological ‘Coupling Constants’ in the Theory of Induced Gravity

Zaripov¹

2019

Symmetry

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This work is the extension of author's research, where the modified theory of induced gravity (MTIG) is proposed. The theory describes two systems (stages): Einstein (ES) and "restructuring" (RS). We consider equations with quadratic potential that are symmetric with respect to scale transformations. The solutions of the equations obtained for the case of spaces defined by the Friedman-Robertson-Walker metric, as well as for a centrally symmetric space are investigated. In our model arise effective gravitational and cosmological "constants" , which are defined by the "mean square" of the scalar fields. In obtained solutions the values of such parameters as "Hubble parameter", gravitational and cosmological "constants" in the RS stage fluctuate near monotonically evolving mean values. These parameters are matched with observational data, described as phenomena of dark energy and dark matter. The MTIG equations for the case of a centrally symmetric gravitational field, in addition to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solutions, contain solutions that lead to the new physical effects at large distances from the center. The Schwarzschild-Sitter solution becomes unstable and enters the oscillatory regime. For distances greater than a certain critical value, the following effects can appear: deviation from General relativity and Newton's law of gravitational interaction, antigravity. Telescope (HST) and Planck observatory [5]. The Hubble Space Telescope is tuned to measure the parallax Milky Way Cepheid variables and the distances are 1.7-3.6 kpc (the modern Universe). The measurements of the Planck spacecraft correspond to distant galaxies (the early Universe is about 375,000 years old). In 2018, the accuracy of the measurement of H 0 is increased to 2.3 percent, which gives H 0 = 73.48 ± 1.66 km · s −1 Mpc −1 . In the early Universe, based on the data received from the "Planck" spacecraft and ΛCDM theory, the predicted value is H 0 = 67.0 ± 1.2 km · s −1 Mpc −1 . The difference is about 9 percent. The accuracy of the measurements is about 4.5 percent. There is also a variance in the observations made at different times and different methods. For example, as indicated in the work [6], the local and direct definition of H 0 gives H 0 = 73.24 ± 1.74 km · s −1 Mpc −1 , and the most recent value from [7] in consent with ΛCDM is 66.93 ± 0.62 km · s −1 Mpc −1 . In our opinion, the problem can be reduced to a strong binding of calculations of the Hubble parameter H 0 to the ΛCDM model. In our work we present a model where, due to the oscillatory regime in the solutions of equations, the Hubble parameter also fluctuates with respect to the mean value-which is also a function of time.3. The problems of so-called "dark energy" (DE) and "dark matter" (DM). The first of them can be reduced to the problem of existence and smallness of the "cosmological constant" (par. 1). The challenge posed by the cosmological constant problem [1] has spurred many attempts at directly modifying Einstein's gravity at large distances [8]. As example of s...

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Section: The Case Without Quadratic Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Case Without Quadratic Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ambiguity in the Definition and Behavior of the Gravitational and Cosmological ‘Coupling Constants’ in the Theory of Induced Gravity

Zaripov¹

2019

Symmetry

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“…Different tests based on observational data have been proposed to provide evidence for the expansion hypothesis. A critical review of these tests shows that convincing evidence for the universal expansion is still lacking [9] [10]. The static universe model fits the observational data better than expansion models [10] [11] [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A critical review of these tests shows that convincing evidence for the universal expansion is still lacking [9] [10]. The static universe model fits the observational data better than expansion models [10] [11] [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Hubble Diagram on the Basis of Gamma Ray Bursts Including the High Redshift Range of z = 0.0331 - 8.1

Marosi¹

2019

IJAA

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It is generally accepted that the history of the expansion of the universe can be exactly described by the concordance model, which makes specific predictions about the shape of the Hubble diagram. The redshift-magnitude Hubble diagram in the redshift range z = 0.0104 -1 seems to confirm this expectation, and it is believed that this conformity is also valid in the high redshift range. However, this belief is not undisputed. Recent work in the high redshift range of up to z = 8.1 has shown that the shape of the Hubble diagram deviates considerably from the predictions made by the Lambda cold dark matter model. These analyses, however, were based on mixed SN1a and gamma ray burst data, and some astronomers argue that this may have biased the results. In this paper, 109 cosmology-independent, calibrated gamma ray burst z/μ data points are used to calculate the Hubble diagram in the range z = 0.034 to z = 8.1. The outcome of this analysis confirms prior results: contrary to expectations, the shape of the Hubble diagram turns out to be exponential, and this is difficult to explain within the framework of the standard model. The cosmological implications of this unexpected result are discussed.

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“…higher densities (Mo, Mao & White 1998;Ferguson et al, 2004;Trujillo et al, 2006), luminosity evolution (Shen et al 2003), mergers (Trujillo et al 2006(Trujillo et al , 2007, or massive outflows due to quasar feedback (Fan, Lapi, De Zotti & Danese 2008). However, the static Euclidean cosmological model fits the data without any necessity of a size evolution of a galaxy (Lerner 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pseudo-Evolution of Galaxies in LCDM Cosmology

Subramani,

Kroupa,

Shenavar

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Our knowledge about galaxy evolution comes from transforming observed galaxy properties at different redshifts to co-moving physical scales. This transformation depends on using a cosmological model. Here the effects of unintentional mixing of two different cosmological models on the size evolution of galaxies is studied. As a gedanken experiment, a galaxy of fixed proper size and luminosity is moved across different redshifts. The apparent size of this galaxy is then interpreted with a cosmological model presumed by the observer, which is different compared to the cosmology exhibited by the Universe. In such a case, a spurious size evolution of the galaxy is observed. A galaxy behaving according to the R h = ct and Neumann's cosmology, when interpreted with the ΛCDM cosmological model, shows an increase in size by a factor of 1.1 and 1.3 from z = 7.5 to z ≈ 0, respectively. The apparent size of a galaxy in a static Euclidean cosmology, when interpreted in the ΛCDM model, shows a factor of 23.8 increase in size between z = 7.5 to z ≈ 0. This is in close agreement with the observational data with a size increase of a factor of 6.8 between z = 3.2 to z ≈ 0. Furthermore, using the apparent size data, it is shown that the difference between the derived proper sizes in R h = ct, Neumann's and ΛCDM cosmological models are minimal.

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Observations contradict galaxy size and surface brightness predictions that are based on the expanding universe hypothesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

The Ambiguity in the Definition and Behavior of the Gravitational and Cosmological ‘Coupling Constants’ in the Theory of Induced Gravity

The Ambiguity in the Definition and Behavior of the Gravitational and Cosmological ‘Coupling Constants’ in the Theory of Induced Gravity

Extended Hubble Diagram on the Basis of Gamma Ray Bursts Including the High Redshift Range of z = 0.0331 - 8.1

Pseudo-Evolution of Galaxies in LCDM Cosmology

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