Observations and Simulations of the Diurnal Variation of the Urban Heat Island Circulation and Associated Variations of the Ozone Distribution: A Case Study

Vukovich, Fred M.; King, William J.; Dunn, J. W.; Worth, James J. B.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1979)018<0836:oasotd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The strength of an UHI-induced circulation depends on the UHI intensity and background wind conditions. Vukovich et al (1979) reported high surface ozone concentrations in the zone of convergence when UHI circulation persisted in St. Louis, USA, demonstrating links between UHIs and the formation and concentration of this air pollutant (Lee 1979). In Paris, Sarrat et al (2006) concluded that the UHI significantly modified the spatial distribution and availability of ozone and nitrogen oxide during an anticyclonic episode in 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

U.K. Climate Projections: Summer Daytime and Nighttime Urban Heat Island Changes in England’s Major Cities

Mitchell

Bohnenstengel

et al. 2020

Journal of Climate

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In the UK where 90% of residents are projected to live in urban areas by 2050, projecting changes in urban heat islands (UHIs) is essential to municipal adaptation. Increased summer temperatures are linked to increased mortality. Using the new regional UK Climate Projections, UKCP18-regional, we estimate the 1981–2079 trends in summer urban and rural near-surface air temperatures, and UHI intensities during day and at night in the 10 most populous built-up areas in England. Summer temperatures increase by 0.45–0.81°C per decade under RCP8.5, depending on the time of day and location. Night-time temperatures increase more in urban than rural areas, enhancing the night-time UHI by 0.01–0.05°C per decade in all cities. When these upward UHI signals emerge from 2008–2018 variability, positive summer nighttime UHI intensities of up to 1.8°C are projected in most cities. However, we can prevent most of these upward night-time UHI signals from emerging by stabilising climate to the Paris Agreement target of 2°C above pre-industrial levels. In contrast, daytime UHI intensities decrease in nine cities, at rates between -0.004 and -0.05°C per decade, indicating a trend towards a reduced daytime UHI effect. These changes reflect different feedbacks over urban and rural areas and are specific to UKCP18-regional. Future research is important to better understand the drivers of these UHI intensity changes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

U.K. Climate Projections: Summer Daytime and Nighttime Urban Heat Island Changes in England’s Major Cities

Mitchell

Bohnenstengel

et al. 2020

Journal of Climate

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“…Indeed, the observation of such local circulations is a challenge. Up to now, experimental investigation of such atmospheric flows mainly relied on in-situ measurements, either ground-based (Pooler, 1963;Physick and Byron-Scott, 1977;Vukovich et al, 1979) or airborne (Finkele et al, 1995;Chiba et al, 1999), which do not provide simultaneous documentation of the temporal and the spatial variabilities of the flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Structure of the Urban Boundary Layer over Marseille Under Sea-Breeze Conditions

Lemonsu

Masson

Drobinski

2006

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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During the UBL-ESCOMPTE program (June–July 2001), intensive observations were performed in Marseille (France). In particular, a Doppler lidar, located in the north of the city, provided radial velocity measurements on a 6-km radius area in the lowest 3 km of the troposphere. Thus, it is well adapted to document the vertical structure of the atmosphere above complex terrain, notably in Marseille, which is bordered by the Mediterranean sea and framed by numerous massifs. The present study focuses on the last day of the intensive observation period 2 (26 June 2001), which is characterized by a weak synoptic pressure gradient favouring the development of thermal circulations. Under such conditions, a complex stratification of the atmosphere is observed. Three-dimensional numerical simulations, with the Méso-NH atmospheric model including the town energy balance (TEB) urban parameterization, are conducted over south-eastern France. A complete evaluation of the model outputs was already performed at both regional and city scales. Here, the 250-m resolution outputs describing the vertical structure of the atmosphere above the Marseille area are compared to the Doppler lidar data, for which the spatial resolution is comparable. This joint analysis underscores the consistency between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) observed by the Doppler lidar and that modelled by Méso-NH. The observations and simulations reveal the presence of a shallow sea breeze (SSB) superimposed on a deep sea breeze (DSB) above Marseille during daytime. Because of the step-like shape of the Marseille coastline, the SSB is organized in two branches of different directions, which converge above the city centre. The analysis of the 250-m wind fields shows evidence of the role of the local topography on the local dynamics. Indeed, the topography tends to reinforce the SSB while it weakens the DSB. The ABL is directly affected by the different sea-breeze circulations, while the urban effects appear to be negligible

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“…Beside many theoretical and observational urban studies, meso-scale models have been utilized to gain more insight about urbanization and its possible effects on local climate (e.g. Vukovich et al, 1979;Richiardone and Brusasca, 1989;Atkinson, 2003;Rozoff et al, 2003;Best, 2006). Using a two-dimensional numerical model, Richiardone and Brusasca (1989) examine the vertical structures of rural and urban planetary boundary layers (PBLs), heat island intensities, and circulations under different stability conditions, surface heat fluxes and city width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vukovich et al (1979), Yoshikado and Tsuchida (1996), Martilli (2003), and Sarrat et al (2006) analyze atmospheric chemistry and dynamics over urban areas. Vukovich et al (1979) and Yoshikado and Tsuchida (1996) locate the highest ozone concentration in a convergence zone associated with an UHI. Sarrat et al (2006) state that both diurnal and nocturnal UHIs have significant effect on primary and secondary pollutants such as nitrogen oxide (NO x ) and ozone (O 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of local flow features in Istanbul. Part II: high‐resolution real case simulations

Ezber

Şen

Boybeyi

et al. 2015

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This paper reports the second part of a study that aims to understand the thermally driven local flows and their interaction with each other over the province of Istanbul. The first part of the research evaluates a series of sensitivity simulations involving perturbations to the landscape. The present one includes an analysis of the real case simulations with an evaluation of the model performance. The second part also uses the same meso-scale model (OMEGA) with the same model configuration as in the first part. The model is able to reproduce the large-scale fields. Comparison of model-estimated fields with the radiosonde measurements over Istanbul also yields satisfactory results. The model is also able to capture the diurnal change of surface meteorological parameters such as temperature and wind speed, but there are over-and underestimations. The real case simulations indicate a clear cycle of land and sea breeze circulations in both summer and winter. In agreement with the sensitivity cases, a convergence zone occurs over the province due to the merge of two sea breezes in both seasons. In summer case, the convergence takes place at 1100 LST, and in winter case, it occurs at 1500 LST. Development of a channeled flow along the Bosphorus is also observed in the real case simulations. Return flows are observed above 1 km height during the summer case and above 300 m height during the winter case. The northerly flow induced by the urban heat island effect prevents the inland penetration of the southerly sea breeze over the province. Thus, the northerly sea breeze moves faster, surmounts the southerly one over the south of the province, where the urban area is located, and dominates the airflow over Istanbul, especially in the afternoon.KEY WORDS sea-land breeze; urban heat island circulation; real case simulations; meso-scale model

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Observations and Simulations of the Diurnal Variation of the Urban Heat Island Circulation and Associated Variations of the Ozone Distribution: A Case Study

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

U.K. Climate Projections: Summer Daytime and Nighttime Urban Heat Island Changes in England’s Major Cities

U.K. Climate Projections: Summer Daytime and Nighttime Urban Heat Island Changes in England’s Major Cities

Vertical Structure of the Urban Boundary Layer over Marseille Under Sea-Breeze Conditions

Investigation of local flow features in Istanbul. Part II: high‐resolution real case simulations

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